A New Bog Lemming (Genus Synaptomys) From Nebraska

BY

J. KNOX JONES, JR.

University of Kansas Lawrence 1958



University of Kansas Publications Museum of Natural History

Volume 9, No. 13, pp. 385-388

May 12, 1958

Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Henry S. Fitch, Robert W. Wilson

PRINTED IN THE STATE PRINTING PLANT TOPEKA, KANSAS

1958

27-3033



A New Bog Lemming (Genus Synaptomys)

From Nebraska

BY

J. KNOX JONES, JR.

In the autumn of 1952, I obtained a southern bog lemming, Synaptomys cooperi, at Rock Creek State Fish Hatchery, Dundy County, in extreme southwestern Nebraska. This locality of record is the westernmost for the species in North America. Subsequently, I reported this specimen in the literature (Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:486, 1954), provisionally assigning it to Synaptomys cooperi gossii, the subspecies occurring in eastern Nebraska. In late November of 1956, J. R. Alcorn collected three additional bog lemmings at the Rock Creek Hatchery.

These specimens from Dundy County represent a relict population that differs in several characteristics from S. c. gossii, and that differs also from all other subspecies of the species. This relict population is, therefore, here given subspecific recognition.

Synaptomys cooperi relictus, new subspecies

Type.—Adult female, skin and skull, University of Kansas Museum of Natural History no. 51617, from Rock Creek State Fish Hatchery, 5 mi. N, 2 mi. W Parks, Dundy County, Nebraska; obtained November 1, 1952, by J. Knox Jones, Jr., original no. 995.

Distribution.—Known only from the type locality.

Diagnosis.—Size large for the species, both externally and cranially; dorsal pelage dark; nasals broadly flared anteriorly (especially broad in relation to nasal length); auditory bullae small; molariform tooth-rows and incisive foramina long.

Measurements (in millimeters).—External measurements of the type specimen, followed by those of another adult female (KU 72603), are: Total length, 141, 145; length of tail-vertebrae, 24, 21; length of hind foot, 20, 20; length of ear from notch, 11, 12. The type specimen weighed 46.3 grams. Cranial measurements were taken in the manner described by Wetzel (Jour. Mamm., 36:2-3, 1955) except that he did not record the occipitonasal length. These cranial measurements of the type and KU 72603 are: Occipitonasal length, 30.2, 29.8; condylobasilar length, 27.2, 27.1; zygomatic breadth, 18.1, 17.9; lambdoidal breadth, 14.2, 13.8; length of nasals, 8.2, 8.3; breadth of nasals, 4.2, 4.0; length of rostrum, 6.6, 6.6; breadth of rostrum, 6.1, 5.9; breadth of upper incisors, 4.6, 4.2; length of maxillary tooth-row, 8.5, 8.4; length of incisive foramen, 5.8, 5.5; interorbital breadth, 3.1, 3.5.

Comparisons.—From Synaptomys cooperi gossii (specimens from eastern Nebraska and eastern Kansas, including one topotype), S. c. relictus differs in: Dorsal coloration, in comparable pelages, darker, venter lacking buffy tinge; skull averaging larger in all cranial dimensions (except rostral length, which is approximately the same), especially breadth of upper incisors and length of molariform tooth-rows; nasals broader anteriorly; auditory bullae nearly equal in size, thus relatively smaller. From Synaptomys cooperi paludis (holotype and paratypes) of Meade County, Kansas, S. c. relictus differs in: Skull averaging smaller in all cranial measurements except rostral length and breadth of upper incisors, which are approximately the same, and breadth of nasals, length of incisive foramina and length of molariform tooth-rows, which measure more; nasals relatively (48 per cent of length of nasals) as well as actually broader anteriorly; anterior border of zygomatic plate more concave; auditory bullae smaller; infraorbital foramina larger when viewed anterolaterally. S. c. relictus closely resembles S. c. paludis in color and external proportions.

Remarks.—The total population of Synaptomys cooperi relictus may be small because the only suitable habitat known to me for these mice is the dense, grassy area, approximately 100 yards wide and one mile long, around some of the rearing ponds and along the creek at Rock Creek Hatchery. It has been taken there in association with Cryptotis parva parva, Blarina brevicauda carolinensis, Reithrodontomys megalotis dychei, Peromyscus maniculatus nebrascensis, Microtus ochrogaster haydenii, and another relic, Microtus pennsylvanicus finitis. All specimens of the newly named bog lemming are from the border zone between the wet-substrate habitat of M. p. finitis and the drier habitat occupied by M. o. haydenii. Approximately 3000 trap nights produced the four known specimens.

S. c. relictus, like S. c. paludis, represents a relict population of the more southwesterly distribution of the subgenus Synaptomys during Wisconsin and post-Wisconsin times. Additional relict populations likely will be found in the eastern Great Plains.

The new subspecies is intermediate in some features between paludis and gossii. The type locality is separated from that of paludis (14 mi. SW Meade, Meade County, Kansas) by a distance of approximately 220 miles over habitats largely unsuitable for bog lemmings. The nearest locality of record for S. c. gossii to the east of the type locality of relictus is at Hunter, Mitchell County, Kansas (see Cockrum, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:196, 1952), approximately 200 miles distant. The locality of record of gossii in Nebraska nearest to the type locality of relictus is even farther eastward—1 mi. N Pleasant Dale, Seward County (KU 50188).

Specimens examined.—Four, from the type locality (KU 51617, 72601-03).

Transmitted March 11, 1958.

THE END