Chosokabe family in Shikoku punished by Hideyoshi

—Motochika (1539-99), masters Tosa and all Shikoku; in Komaki war; in invasion of Kyushu

Christianity, Nestorian in China; Azuchi castle; invasion of Korea; in Japan; Imperial edict against; aid given by Nobunaga; Hideyoshi's attitude towards; his edict of 1587; Ieyasu's treatment and his edicts; Christians side with Hideyori; Hideteda's edict (1616), (1624); teaching in Osaka after edicts; and Buddhist and Shinto census; laws against (1635, 1665); Ieyasu distinguishes between commerce and; Dutch not propagandists; opposition in 1853

"Chronicles," Early Japanese, Nihongi, general; character; superior to Records; accuracy of chronology; contradicts Records; Chinese colour in; conquest of Korea; stories from Korean history

Chronology; inaccuracy; invasion of Korea; reign of Nintoku

Chrysanthemum, Imperial badge

Chu Chi-yu, Chinese scholar

—Hi, Hayashi follows

Chuai, 14th Emperor (192-200)

Chugoku, central Japan, invaded by Hideyoshi

Chukyo, 85th Emperor (1221)

Chusan, Mimasaka, Kami of

Chushin, Zen priest, pupil of Soseki

Choson-ji, monastery, with graves of the Fujiwara of the North

Chutsz (Shu-shi), Confucian commentaries of; rejected by Yamaga Soko; officially adopted; expounded by Japanese scholars; contrasted with Wang Yang-ming

Chu Yuan see Sogen

Chozan, ruler of Ryukyu (1373)

Cicada-shaped hair ornaments

City administration; municipal rulers; administrators; elders

Civil affairs and Civil Government, departments

Clan representation under Meiji government

Clay Effigies, haniwa, from neolithic sites; substituted for human sacrifice at tomb

Clepsyora, Chinese

Clocks

Cloistered monarchs; and set Camera

"Cloud chariot," war tower

Clove, English ship

Cock-fighting

Cocks, Richard, English factor, warns Yedo Court against Spain; apparent cause of edict of 1616; successor of Saris

Code, ryo, of Daiho (701 A.D.) and Yoro (718 A.D.); of 1742; of 1790

Coelho, Gaspard (d. 1590), vice-provincial of Jesuits, ordered (1587) from Japan

Coinage, Wado era (708-715); Nara epoch; of Heian epoch; Chinese; Hideyoshi's time; plan to debase (1673-80); Genroku debased coin; exports of metal from Nagasaki; attempt to restore (1710); again debased; foreign trade

Colours of Court costume, grades; indicating social status

Combs, ancient

Commerce, early; after Daika; Nara epoch; Heian; Muromachi; under Hideyoshi; Portuguese; motive for permission to preach; Dutch; trade rules; commercial spirit in Yedo; in Tokugawa period; exclusion; coinage and European trade

Commercial class

Conception, miraculous

Concubinage; classes at court

Conder, J., on armour

Confiscation of lands as punishment, or as expiation of offence; escheat at Daika; punishment under Tokugawa

Confucianism, Shotoku on; modifying Buddhism; in Tokugawa period; favoured by Ko-Komyo, and Tsunayoshi; Confucianists eligible for civil posts; Yamaga Soko; combined with Shinto; Japanese schools of; hold on educated class; vendetta

Conscription, first (689 A.D.) in Japan; partial abolition of (780, 792)

Constable, High, and lord high constable, in Yoritomo's land reform; city constables

Constitution, of Shotoku (604 A.D.), text and comment; after Restoration (1889)

Constitutionist party

Consular courts

Cooking in ancient Japan; in Muromachi epoch

Cooper, master, of Manhattan

Copper in Japan; use for images of Buddha, exhausts currency; Chinese coins; in 15th century trade, debased Japanese coin; exports of Nagasaki

Coronation Oath of 1867

Cosmogony

Cost of living

Costume, prehistoric; in Inkyo's reign; Chinese and Buddhist influence; Nara epoch; Heian; Kamakura period; laws of Military Houses; Sadanobu's laws

Cotton first planted in Japan (799); cloth, tax; cloth as currency

Council, Administrative, of Man-dokoro

—of Twelve, at camera Court

Councillor, Sangi, establishment of office

Couplet Composing, ula awase; court amusement; at "winding-water fete" and other festivals; mania for; tournaments; in Heian epoch; Kamakura; Tokugawa

Court, costume, colours and kinds; ceremonial; for Imperial power see Crown

Court houses or families, kuge; come into power again at restoration; in Muromachi period; driven to provinces; Ieyasu's laws for; intermarriage with military; college for, established by Ninko; influenced by anti-foreign party; in Restoration; distinction between territorial and court nobles abolished (1871)

Court of justice, hyojo-sho; first, (1631)

Court, Northern and Southern; and see Dynasties

Crasset on Christian persecution of Buddhists

Creation, story of

Cremation, introduced

Crimes in ancient Japan; classified in Daiho code; see Penal Law

Crocodile myth

Crown, property of; shifts in power of; divine right; Ashikaga; in Sengoku period; Nobunaga; Ieyasu's Court Laws; Tokugawa; Chinese classics strengthen; Tsunayoshi; loyalty; American commercial treaty; rescript to shogun; turns against extremists; Restoration of 1867; growth of power; Cabinet dependent on

Crown Prince, in proto-historic period, above the law

Crucifixion, haritsuke

Currency in Ashikaga period; see Coinage

Customs tariff

Daian-ji temple

Dai-Dembo-In, monastery of Shingon sect in Kii

Daiei, year-period, 1521-8

Daigo, 60th Emperor (898-930)

Daigo, suburb of Kyoto

Daiho (Taiho), year-period, legislation of; revision

Daijo-uji of Hitachi, branch of Taira

Daika or Taikwa "Great Change," 645 A.D.; name of first nengo or year-period; reforms

Daikagu-ji family, afterwards Nan-cho, the Southern Court, descendants of Kameyama; passed over; treatment by Ashikaga

Daikwan, deputy or vice-deputy; tax assessor; judge

Daimyo, "great name," holder of large estate; holdings; Buddhism; 10,000 koku or more; powers

Dai Nihon-shi, "History of Great Japan,"; on military era

Dairies under Daiho laws

Dairo, 5 senior ministers; prime minister

Daiseiden College, or Shoheiko, founded by Tokugawa

Daitoku-ji, Zen temple in Kyoto

Dajo (Daijo) daijin, chancellor, prime minister, 671 A.D.; Privy Council Board; office abolished

Dajo Kwan, Privy Council

Dalny occupied by Japanese

Dance masks

Dancing at funerals; court; music, Korean influence; pantomimic, of monkey Sarume in myth; music and poetry; development in Heian epoch; white posture dance, shirabyoshi; mimetic dance, libretto for, develops into no; no and furyu

Dan-no-ura, defeat of Taira at

Date family of Yonezawa in 16th century wars

—Harumune

—Masamune (1566-1636); surrenders to Hideyoshi; favours Ieyasu; against Uesugi; loyal to Iemitsu

—Yasumune rebels (1413) in Mutsu

Dazai-fu, government station in Mimana (Kara, Korea) transferred to Kyushu

Debt, slavery for, cancellation of interest; legislation (tokusei) of 1297 in favour of military families, and under Ashikaga

Decoration, Interior

Defilement in Shinto code

Degradation in rank

Deluge myth

Demmacho, prison at

Demon's gate, N.E. entrance; guarded by Hieizan, and at Yedo by Toei-zan; belief in demons; dragon-headed devil

Dengaku mime

Dengyo Daishi, posthumous name of Saicho (q.v.)

Dening, W. Life of Toyotomi Hideyoshi; on Confucian philosophy

Departments, under Daika; under Daiho

Deputy

De Ryp, Dutch ship, cannonades Kara castle

"Descent" upon Kyushu

Descent, Law of in Daiho legislation

Deshima, island, Dutch factory on

Dewa, Yemishi in; Go-Sannen campaign; (U-shu) part of O-U; 16th century wars; silk growing

De Witte, Serge Julievitch, Count (b. 1849), Russian peace commissioner at Portsmouth

Diana, Russian ship, sent to survey Yezo; Russian protected cruiser at Port Arthur

Dickins, F. V., translation of Taketori Monogatari

Diet, Coronation oath promising; reform leaders differ about; development of; Constitution promulgated; bi-cameral system

Dirges at funerals

District, gun or kori (originally agata), Daika subdivision, smaller than province; classification under Daiho; chief of, guncho; governors, gunshi; district governors and title to uplands; in Meiji administration, cho, or son

Divination

Doctors, national

Doen, Buddhist priest, envoy to China

Dogo, Iyo, thermal spring

Dogs as pets; dog fights; Tsunayoshi's mania for

Doi support Southern Court in Nankai-do

Sanehira (d. 1220), Yoritomo's lieutenant; military governor

Michiharu (d. 1337), defender of Go-Daigo

Toshikatsu (1573-1644), enforces feudal laws

Doin Kinkata (1291-1360), minister of Go-Daigo

Kinsada (1340-99), scholar

Doji, Sanron Buddhist, abbot of Daian-ji

Dojima, in Osaka, rice-exchange

Dojo, exercise halls

Doki (Toki) family favour Takauji; beaten by Saito

Yorito (d. 1342), insults Kogon

Dokyo see Yuge Dokyo

Dolmen in Yamato sepulture; compared with Chinese and Korean; precious metals in

Dominicans, Ayala and other marytrs

Doryo (Tao Lung) Chinese priest, teacher of Fujiwara Tokimune

Dosho, Buddhist priest, introduces cremation

Double entendre

Drafts, game, prehistoric

Dragon, early superstition

Dragon-Fly Island, old name of Japan

Drama; yokyoku, mimetic dance; no; kyogen; time of Tsunayoshi; theatre in Yedo; illustrations

Drums

Dualism of Shinto

Dug-outs, maruki-bune

Duke, kimi; mahito

Dukes of the Presence, early official organization

Dutch, trade in Japan, beginning 1600, Spanish intrigues against; Dutch and English intrigues against Portuguese and Spaniards; aid in reduction of Christian revolt in Shimabara; trade at Nagasaki restricted; Western learning; refuse grant in Yedo; choose Hirado as headquarters; the Brack; at Deshima; literature; in 19th century; teachers of military science; give steamship; at Shimonoseki

Dwarf trees and miniature gardens

Dwelling-Houses, primitive; abandoned on death of owner; general character in Nara epoch; in Heian epoch; Kamakura; Muromachii

Dyeing

Dynasties, War of the (1337-92); table

Ears of enemy as spoil

Earthquake, 416 A.D.; 599 A.D. drives people to appeal to Earthquake Kami; in Kyoto (1185), and (1596); of 1662 charged to Emperor's lack of virtue; of 1703

Eastern Army, Hosokawa Onin War

Eastern Tsin dynasty (317-420) Chinese migration

East India Company

Eben, Buddhist priest

Ebisu, variant of Yemishi

Echigo, barrier settlement (645) against Yemishi; and Matsudaira

—Chuta, suicide

Echizen, paper money in

Education, in ancient Japan; in Nara epoch, in Heian; temple schools; military foundations; at Yedo; in Meiji epoch; see Academies

Egawa Tarozaemon advocates foreign intercourse

Eight Generals of Kwanto

Eigwa Monogatari, "Tales of Splendour," story of the Fujiwara, by Akazome Emon

Eiraku, or Yunglo, Chinese year-period, 1403-22, E. tsuho, Chinese coins

Eisai (1141-1215), priest

Eitai, bridge in Yedo

Ekei (d. 1600), priest, of Aki

Elder Statesmen

Elder, official over five households, under Daika

Elephant, fossil

Elixir, Hsa Fuh's quest

Emishi see Soga Emishi

Emperors, long reigns of early; see also Crown Court, Posthumous Names, Camera government

Empo, period, 1673-80

Empress, Koken first, to receive Crown except in trust

Empress Dowager, Kwo-taiko, title given only to Kwobetsu until Shomu's reign

Encyclopedia Britannica, quoted

Endo Morito see Mongaku

Engaku-ji, temple

Engen, period, 1336-9

Engi, period; revision of Rules and Regulations; overthrow of Sugawara Michizane

English intrigue against Spanish and Portuguese; refuse grant in Yedo; go to Hirado rather than Uraga; early trade; end of trade; fleet expected (1858); Namamugi incident and bombardment of Kagoshima; the Hyogo demonstration; employed in railway, telegraph and navy; treaty of 1894 abolishes consular jurisdiction after 1899; Anglo-Japanese alliance, (text)

Enkyo, period, 1069-74

En no Ubasoku (Shokaku; Gyoja, the anchorite), founder of Yamabushi priests

Enomoto see Yenomoto

Enryaku-ji, Tandai monastery on Hiei-zan; its armed men, yuma-hoshi; jealous of Onjo-ji monks; in Yorimasa conspiracy; in Kyoto conspiracy; quarrel with Takauji; feud with Hongwan-ji; destroyed by Nobunaga; rebuilt; named from year-period

Envoys, Three, in early myth

Enya Takasada (d. 1338), Ko Moronao abducts wife of

Enyu, 64th Emperor (970-84)

Eshi, Yamato no, painters, descendants of Shinki

Esoteric and Exoteric Buddhism

Etchu, province

"Eternal Land"

Ethnologists, Japanese, on origins

Etorop raided by Russians (1806)

Eto Shimpei (1835-74), minister, revolts

Euhemerist interpretation of myths

Exoteric Buddhism

Extraterritorial Jurisdiction

Eye, obliquity, fold, etc.

Eyebrows shaved

Ezo, Buddhist mission to

Face-painting

Families, uji, rank in prehistoric times; basis of empire before Daika; family qualification for highest Court offices before Heiji tumult; names sold in Yoshimune's time

Famine of 621 A.D., turns people against Buddhism; of 1180-1; of 1462; of 1673-80; of 1783-6; of 1836

Fans; (ill.); lotteries; verses on; trade

Farmers; taxes; representatives

Fenshuiling, Russians defeated at

Fernandez, Joao (d. 1566), Portuguese Jesuit, companion of Xavier

Festivals, ancient; Buddhist; flower; Heian epoch; Ashikaga; Hideyoshi; Sanno (ill.); dolls (ill.)

Feudal system, beginnings; Sujin; land-holding; proto-historic; land grants; Daiho laws; 11th century wars; territorial names; Constables and land-stewards; Joei code; war of dynasties; 15th century; Hideyoshi's land system; fiefs (1600); hereditary vassals; laws of 1635 and 1651; under Tokugawa; sankin kotai; taxes; intermarriage with court nobles; government; tozama oppose Yedo; in Restoration; abolition, of

Filial piety

Finance and administration, ancient; in protohistoric tunes; in Nara epoch; in Muromachi epoch; under early Tokugawa; policy of Arai Hakuseki; "accommodation" system of 1786; under Tokugawa; in early Meiji period

Finance or Treasury Department; in 19th century

Financial administrator

Firearms, first use; commissioners

Fish as food

Fishermen, revolt of

Fishing in early times; laws regulating nets in reign of Temmu; keeping cormorants forbidden; equipment

Five Regent Houses, see Go-Sekke

Flesh-eating forbidden; defilement

Flores, Luis, Flemish Dominican, burned (1622)

Flowers, at funerals; festivals; in Heian pastimes; arrangement of; pots

Flutes (ill.)

Fo, dogs of

Folding paletot

Food and drink, ancient; in Nara-epoch; in Kamakura period; Sadanobu's sumptuary laws

Football, prehistoric; in proto-historic period; in Heian epoch

Forced labour

Foreign Affairs, Department of; earliest foreign intercourse; Ashikaga; Muromachi epoch; foreign learning; Tokugawa; military science; Meiji era, 678; foreigners in making new Japan, 686-7; consular jurisdiction abolished; Anglo-Japanese alliance; and see Christianity, and names of countries

Forests of early Japan

Formosa, expedition against (1874); ceded by China (1895)

Fortification, development; feudal castles built only by permission of Tokugawa; coast defence

Fossil remains

Franchise, extension of

Franciscans, Spanish, enter Japan "-as ambassadors"; intrigue against Portuguese Jesuits; punished by Hideyoshi; favoured to offset Jesuit influence

Freemen and bondmen

French in Ryuku (1846); Harris plays off English and French to get his commercial treaty; at Shimonoseki; in work on criminal law and army training; in Manchuria note (1895)

Froez, Luis (d. 1597), Portuguese Jesuit

Fudoki, Local Records

Fuhi, Eight Trigrams of

Fuhito see Fujiwara Fuhito

Fuhkieri, Kublai at

Fuji river, battle on

Fuji, Mt., eruption of, (1707); (ill.)

Fujinami in Ise worship

Fujita Toko (1806-55), adviser of Nariaki

Fujitsuna see Aota Fujitsuna

Fujiwara, in Yamato, capital moved to, by Jito

Fujiwara, Shimbetsu family, influence after 670 A.D.; Imperial consorts; legislation; historiography; Asuka made Empress; oppose Makibi and Gembo; Buddhism; abdication; family tree; choose Emperors; academy of; increase of power; policy of abdication; depose Yozei; oppose Tachibana; plot against Michizane; interregnum; war of Taira and Minamoto; influence on Court; oppose Tamehira; family quarrels; literature; Minamoto, "claws" of; provincial branches; Mutsu; power wanes; Imperial consorts; anti-military; power weakened by Kiyomon; Yoritomo's followers get their estates; conspiracy of 1252; loyal to Throne (1331); Hideyoshi adopted by

—Fuhito, son of Kamatari, Daiho and Yoro codes; builds Buddhist temple; death

—Fujifusa, aids Go-Daigo (1326); retires

—Fusazaki (682-736), son of Fuhito, founds northern family

—Fuyutsugu (775-826); Konin revision of Rules and Regulations; minister founds academy

—Hidehira (1096-1187), son of Motohira; aids Yoshitsune; provincial governor (1182); death

—Hidesato (called Tawara Toda), sides with Taira; founder of provincial branches of Fujiwara

—Hirotsugu (715-741), governor, impeaches Gembo

—Ietaka (1158-1237), poet

—Joye, Buddhist student in China (653-65)

—Kamatari, muraji of Nakatomi, chief Shinto official, plots against Soga Iruka (645); Daika; in China; origin of uji name; Kasuga shrine; (ill.)

—Kaneiye (929-99), rivalry with Kanemichi; plot against Kwazan; regent for Ichijo

—Kanehira (1228-94), founds house of Takatsukasa

—Kanemichi (925-77), father of Enyu's Empress

—Kanezane (1147-1207), son of Tadamichi, minister of the Right; nairan and kwampaku; descendants called Kujo

—Kinsuye (958-1029), son of Morosuke

—Kinto (966-1041) poet, one of Shinagon

—Kiyohira (d. 1126), founds Mutsu branch

—Kiyotada opposes advice of Masashige

—Korechika (974-1010), son of Michitaka

—Korekata induces Nobuyori to join Heiji plot

—Korekimi

—Koretada (942-72), son of Morosuke, regent

—Kunimutsu, avenges his father Suketomo

—Maro (695-736), founder of Kyo-ke branch

—Masatada, governor

—Matate (716-67), second councillor under Koken

—Michiiye (1192-1252), ancestor of Nijo and Ichijo families

—Michikane (955-95), gets Kwazan to become monk; regent

—Michinaga (966-1027), regent, his daughter Empress; power

—Michinori (d. 1159), called Shinzei, Go-Shirakawa's adviser; killed

—Michitaka (953-95), regent

—Momokawa (722-79), privy councillor; favours succession of Shirakabe and Yamabe

—Morokata aids Go-Daigo (1331)

—Moronaga (1137-92), chancellor, banished by Taira Kiyomori

—Morosuke (908-60), minister of Right; sons

—Morotada, 257; accuses Takaaki of treason

—Morozane (1042-1101)

—Motofusa (1144-1230), regent; sides with Go-hirakawa, is banished; his daughter

—Motohira (d. 1157), son and successor of Kiyohira

—Motokata, father of Murakami's consort

—Motomichi (1160-1233), advanced by Taira Kiyomori; kwampaku; ancestor of Konoe

—Motomitsu, founder of Tosa academy of painters

—Mototsune (836-91); sessho under Yozei, first kwampaku (882) under Uda

—Motozane (1143-66), regent

—Muchimaro (680-736), founds the southern (Nanke) family; Buddhist temples

—Nagate (714-71), minister of the Left; favours accession of Konin

—Nagazane, father of one of Toba's consorts

—Nakamaro (710-64), grand councillor

—Nakanari (d. 810), in conspiracy of Kusu

—Narichika (1138-78), in Shishi-ga-tani plot

—Naritoki, father of Sanjo's Empress

—Nobuyori (1133-59), in Heiji tumult

—Norimichi (996-1075), quarrels with Go-Sanjo

—Noritane, compiler of Teiokeizu

—Otsuga (773-843)

—Sadaiye (1162-1241), or Teika, poet and anthologist

—Sadakuni, father-in-law of Daigo

—Sanetaka, minister

—Saneyori (900-70), father of Murakami's consort; regent

—Sari, scribe

—Seigwa, or Seikwa, (1561-1619), Confucianist

—Shinzei see Fujiwara Michinori

—Sukeyo, scholar

—Suketomo (d. 1325). Go-Daigo's minister, exile

—Sumitomo (d. 941) turns pirate

—Tadahira (880-949), regent; revision of Rules and Regulations

—Tadakiyo, commands against Yoritomo

—Tadamichi (1097-1164), regent for Konoe, in Hogen insurrection; saves his father; estates

—Tadazane (1078-1162), father of Toba's consort; in Hogen tumult; saved by his son

—Takaiye (979-1044), repels Toi invaders

—Tameiye (1197-1275)

—Tamemitsu

—Tamesuke

—Tameuji, artist

—Tanetsugu (737-85); Kwammu's minister, assassinated; father of consort of Heijo

—Tokihira (871-909), minister plots against Sugawara Michizane; death

—Tomiko, wife of Ashikaga Yoshimasa

—Toshimoto (d. 1330)

—Toshinari (1114-1204), poet, called Shunzei

—Toyonari (704-65), minister of Koken

—Tsugunawa (727-96); sent against Yemishi

—Tsunemune

—Tsunetaka

—Ujimune, Jokwan revision of Rules and Regulations

—Umakai (694-736), founder of the Shiki-ki branch; against Yemishi (724)

—Uwona (721-83), privy councillor of Koken

—Yasuhira, (d. 1189)

—Yorimichi (992-1074), son, of Michinaga, regent; in succession of Takahito; estates; father of Shirakawa's consort

—Yorinaga (1120-56) in Hogen tumult

—Yoritada (924-89), son of Saneyori, kwampaku

—Yoritsugu (1239-56), shogun (1244)

—Yoritsune (1218-56), head of Minamoto (1219) shogun (1226); resigns (1244); against Hojo and Adachi (1247)

—Yoshifusa (804-72), minister; marries Kiyo; regent for Seiwa, (866); makes Taka Seiwa'a Empress

—Yoshinobu, in Takahito's succession

—Yoshitsugu (716-77), privy councillor under Koken; favours Konin

Fujiwara, wistaria, origin of uji name

Fuki-ayezu, Jimmu's father

Fukuchi-yama, castle

Fukuhara, now Kobe, villa of Taira Kiyomori in; capital (1180)

Fukuri, Chinese saddler

Fukushima Masanori (1561-1624), plot against Ishida

Funabashi Hidekata (1555-1614), scholar

Funada Yoshimasa, officer of Nitta Yoshisada

Funai, in Bungo, Jesuit church and hospital

Funanoe, mount in Hoki

Furniture, house

Furs

Furubito, Prince, son of Jomei, candidate to succeed Kogyoku; death

Furyu, dance

Fusa-Kum-Kazusa

Fusan, Korea, Japanese restricted to, (1572); captured (1592); landing-place for Japanese attack (1904); Kamimura wins battle near

Fushimi, 92d Emperor (1287-98)

Fushimi, princely house

Fushimi, Hideyoshi's Momo-Yaina palace

Futodama and Imibe

Gaku-in, academies

Gambling

Gamo Katahide (1534-84) favours Nobukatsu

—Ujisato (1557-96), vassal of Hideyoshi

Garden bridge (ill.)

gate (ill.)

Gate guards, in capital; in kebiishi; origin

Gates, (ill.)

Gazan, priest

Gei-ami, artist

Geisha

Gembo, Buddhist of Hosso sect; opposes Fujiwara

Gemmyo, 43d Empress (708-15); historiography; monument

Gems

Genbun, year-period, 1736-40, coins of

Gen-e (1269-1352), priest, author

Genealogical bureau

Genji Monogatari "narrative of Minamoto," work of Murasaki Shikibu

Genji or Gen, Chinese pronunciation of Minamoto; divisions of family; epoch of Gen and Hei

Genku see Honen

Genna, period

Genpei (Gempei) Minamoto and Taira; epoch; Genpei Seisuiki, Records of Minamoto and Taira

Genre pictures, Ukiyoe, 600

Genroku, year period, 1688-1703

Gensho, (44th) Empress (715-23); inaugurates lectures (721) on Nihon Shoki

Genso, priest, interpreter to Korean embassy

Gentile names

Geology and fossil remains

Germans employed by Government

Germany joins France and Russia in note on Manchuria (1895); seizes part of Shantung

Gido, scholar, adviser of Yoshimitsu

Gien see Ashikaga Yoshinori

Gifu, Nobunaga's headquarters in Mino

Gijin see Ashikaga Yoshimi

Gion, temple in Kyoto

Glazed pottery

Glynn, J., Commander, U.S.N., in Nagasaki (1847)

Go, game

Go, prefix, "second," with Emperor's name

Goa, Jesuits at

Go-Daigo, 96th Emperor (1318-39); against Hojo; dethroned; escapes from Oki; re-enters Kyoto; his rescripts; after restoration; tricked by Ashikaga Takauji; death; scholarship

Go-Enyu, Northern Emperor (1371-82)

Go-Fukakusa, 89th Emperor (1246-59)

Go-Fushimi, 93d Emperor (1298-1301), son of Fushimi; opposes Go-Daigo

Go-Hanazono, 102nd Emperor (1428-65)

Gohei, paper strips

Go-Horikawa, 86th Emperor (1221-32)

Go-Ichijo, 68th Emperor (1017-36)

Goji-in, temple in Yedo

Go-Kameyama, 99th Emperor (1372-92); abdicates

Go-Kashiwabara, 104th Emperor, (1500-26)

Go-Kogon, Northern Emperor (1352-71)

Go-Komatsu, 100th Emperor (1392-1412), in Northern dynasty (1382-92)

Go-Komyo, 110th Emperor (1643-54)

Gokuki-ji or To-ji, Shingon temple in Kyoto; temple in Yedo

Gokyogoku Yoshitsune, work on landscape gardening

Gold in Japan; discovery in Mutsu, and used in great image of Buddha; exported; coins

Gold lacquer

Golden Pavilion (1397)

Golden Tatars in China

Go-Mizu-no-o, 108th Emperor (1611-29)

Go-Momozono, 118th Emperor (1770-80)

Go-Murakami, 97th Emperor (1339-68); escapes to Kanao; asked to return after Suko's removal; death

Go-Nara, 105th Emperor (1526-57)

Gongen see Tokugawa Ieyasu

Go-Nijo, 94th Emperor (1301-7), son of Go-Uda

Go-Reizei, 70th Emperor (1046-68)

Goro see Tokimune

Go-Saga, 88th Emperor (1243-46)

Go-Saien, 111th Emperor (1654-63)

Go-Sakuramachi, (117th) Empress (1762-70)

Go-Sanjo, 71st Emperor (1069-72), Prince Takahito

Go-Sannen, "After Three-Years War" (1089-91)

Goseibai-shikimoku, criminal laws of Yasutoki

Go-Sekke, "Five Regent Houses"

Gosen-shu, anthology

Go-Shirakawa, 77th Emperor (1156-8); camera government (1158-92); life threatened; confined in palace; sent to Rokuhara; under Yoshinaka's protection; opposes Yoshinaka; calls Yoritomo to Kyoto; sends Yoshitsune to front; relations with Yoritomo; death

Go-Shu jaku, 69th Emperor (1037-45), Prince Atsunaga

Go-Toba, 82nd Emperor (1184-98), refuses to appoint Imperial prince shogun; called "original recluse"; quarrels with Yoshitoki; exiled; Japanese verse

Goto Matabei, defies Ieyasu; defends Osaka castle

—Yujo (1435-1512), metal-worker

Go-Tsuchimikado, 103d Emperor (1465-1500)

Go-Uda, 91st Emperor (1274-87), son of Kameyama

Government, primitive administration; connexion with worship; early finance; reign of Suinin; two-fold classification; uji; feudal and prefectural; under Daika; under Daiho; of Ashikaga; Hideyoshi's scheme; early Tokugawa; Tokugawa Bakufu; centralized after Restoration; local, in Meiji era

Governor-general of 10 provinces, kwanryo; of 4, kubo

Go Yoshihiro, swordsmith

Go-Yozei, 107th Emperor (1586-1611)

Gozu Tenno, "Emperor Ox-head," name of Susanoo

Granaries, Imperial, miyake; in Korea; in reign of Ankan; of Senkwa

Grant, U. S., suggests compromise over Ryukyu

"Great Name Possessor" myth

Great-Producing Kami

Gromovoi, Russian cruiser at Vladivostok

Guards, criticized by Miyoshi Kiyotsura; duties transferred to kebiishi

Guilds, be, 71-2, 94; heads of kumi-gashira, in village rule

Gunkan Kyojujo, naval college at Tsukiji

Gwangyo-ji, temple where Kwazan took tonsure

Gyogi, Korean Buddhist priest, propaganda and reconciliation of Buddhism and Shinto

Gyokushitsu, priest, Emperor gives purple robes to

Hachijoshima, island

Hachiman, War God, at Usa, oracle of; tutelary of Minamoto; shrine of, in Kamakura on Tsurugaoka hill; revenue of temple; patron of pirates; shrine of Iwashimizu; shrine at Atsuta

Hachiman Taro see Minamoto Yoshiiye

Hachioka, temple of

Hachisuka Iemasa (1558-1638)

Hades, myth of

Hae, mother of emperors Kenso and Ninken

Hagiwara Shigehide, chief of Treasury, debases coinage; his report; impeached

Haicheng in fighting of 1894

Hair, racial mark

Hair-dressing and hair-cutting, ancient; dividing the hair (mizura) goes out when official caps come in; tied up in time of Temmu; girl's hair bound up by lover; in Heian epoch; in Kamakura period; in Sadanobu's laws

Hair pins, as insignia; cicada-shaped, marks of grade after Daika

Hai-ryong, Korea

Hakamadare Yasusake, bandit

Hakata, in Chikuzen, defended against Toi; port in Heian epoch; Mongol envoys executed at; China trade; American vessels allowed in port

Hakodate, Americans in

Hakone, tolls, at barrier; guarded by Okubo

Hakozaki Gulf, Chikuzen, Mongol landing at; bay fortified (1280); base of second Mongol invasion

Haku-chi, "White Pheasant," second nengo or year-period (650-4 A.D.)

Hakuseki see Arai Hakuseki

Hall, Consul-General J. C., translation of Joei code; Kemmu code; Laws of Military Houses

Han, Chinese dynasty, later (25-220 A.D.); disorder after fall of

Han, Land of, see Korea

Hanawa Naotsugu in defence of Osaka castle

Hanazono, 95th Emperor (1307-18)

Hand Bay near Kinchou; Russian gunboats in

Hanishi, potters

Haniwa, clay effigies, buried instead of human sacrifices

Haniyasu, half-brother of Sujin, rebels against him

Hansho, 18th Emperor (406-11); loyal brother of Richu

Hara, castle in Shimabara, occupied by Christians, captured

Haranobu see Takeda Shingen

Harbin, Russian railway

Hare in myth

Harem

Harima, province, fortifications in, (1280); transferred from Akamatsu to Yamana (1441)

Harris, Townsend (1803-78), U.S. consul-general, concludes commercial treaty (1857)

Harumoto see Hosokawa Harumoto

Harunari see Hitotsubashi Harunari

Harvest Festival

Hasegawa receive fief of Arima

—Heizo in charge of Ishikawa house of correction

Hashiba see Toyotomi Hideyoshi

—Hidekatsu (1567-93), son of Nobunaga, adopted by Hideyoshi

—Hidenaga (1540-91), brother of Hideyoshi

—Hideyasu, Ogimaru, son of Ieyasu

Hashimoto Sanae favours foreign trade; leader in Imperial movement

—Tsunatsune, Viscount (d. 1909)

Hatahi, sister of Okusaka, marries Ohatsuse

Hatakeyama family, estates; Muromachi kwanryo; one of Five Regent Houses; in Onin disturbance; join Eastern Army (1472); "province holders"

—Kunikiyo (d. 1364), general under Motouji, removed from office of shitsuji

—Masanaga (d. 1493), succeeds Mochikuni; displaced, driven from capital; death

—Mitsuiye (d. 1433) captures Sakai (1400); Yoshimochi's minister

—Mochikuni (1397-1455), called Tokuhon, minister for Ashikaga Yoshimasa; succession

—Shigetada (1164-1205), at Ichi-no-tani; adviser of Yoriiye; assassinated by Hojo Tokimasa

—Yoshinari (d. 1493), large estate, succession; kwanryo

—Yoshitoyo (d. 1499)

Hatano, brothers killed by Nobunaga

Hatsuse, Japanese battleship lost off Port Arthur

Hallo-gaki, Prohibitory Writings, code, (1742)

Hawking

Hayabito or Hayato ("Falcon Men"), palace guard; possibly Kumaso

Hayama Muneyori, punished for cowardice

Hayashi family, function of reading military laws; true Confucianists; education at Yedo

Doshun or Kazan (1583-1657), Confucianist, on bell-inscription; ethics and history; traces descent of Emperor from Chinese prince

Harukatsu, son of Razan, historiographer

Mitsukatsu, soldier of Nobunaga

Nobuatsu, Confucianist; petitions for pardon of "47 Ronins"; lectures at Shohei College

Razan see Hayashi Doshun

Shibei (1754-93) urges coast defense

Head, racial marks

Heaven, Plain of High, myth

"Heavenly Grandchild," tenson

Heavenlv Young Prince

Heguri, beginning of power of; descendants of Takenouchi; founder of family, Tsuku, in Richu's reign; revolt of suppressed

Hei and Heike, Chinese name for Taira; Gen and Hei

Heian epoch, capital at Kyoto, or Heian-jo (Castle of Peace), 794-1192 A.D.

Height as sign of race

Heihachiro see Oshio Heihachiro

Heiji, year period, 1159-60; the tumult of the year; results

Heijo, 51st Emperor (806-9), son of Kwammu

Heikautai, battle of (1905)

Hemp, cultivation of

Herb of longevity

Hereditary office and rank; in Shotoku's 17-Article Constitution; the Daika tries to abolish hereditary office holding

Hi, river, in myth

Hida, messenger in search for Buddhist devotees

Hida

Hida Takumi, architect

Hidehito see Go-Momozono

Hidekatsu see Hashiba Hidekatsu

Hideiye see Ukita Hideiye

Hidenaga see Hashiba Hidenaga

Hidetada branch of Tokugawa, extinct with Ietsugu (1716)

Hidetada see Tokugawa Hidetada

Hidetsugu see Toyotomi Hidetsugu

Hideyasu see Matsudaira Hideyasu

Hideyori see Toyotomi Hideyori

Hideyoshi see Toyotomi Hideyoshi

Hie-no-yama, monastery later called Hiei-zan

Hiei-zan, mountain N.E. of Kyoto, between Yamashiro and Omi, on which was Enryaku-ji monastery; power checked by Yoshinori; and Takauji; in Hokke-ikki; aids Yoshikage against Nobunaga; punished by Nobunaga; monastery rebuilt; abbot invites Vilela to Kyoto

Higami, mother of Shomu, consort of Mommu

Higashi-dera, temple in Kyoto, Takauji's headquarters

Higashiyama, 113th Emperor (1687-1710)

Higashi-yama, hill E. of Kyoto, site of Yoshimasa's palace; name used of craze for objets d'art, and of lacquer

Higuchi Kanemitsu, Yoshinaka's body guard

Hiki Munetomo (d. 1203)

Yoshikazu, in Bakufu council, plots against Hojo and is assassinated

Hikoho no Ninigi, his descent upon Kyushu; rationalization of myth; founder of empire

Hinayana, exoteric Buddhism; the Small Vehicle

Hino family, shikken in Camera palace

Hirado, island, occupied by Mongols (1281); Chinese trade; Xavier in; Portuguese trade; rivalry with Omura; Dutch headquarters, and English; English factory closed (1623)

Hirafu, warden of Koshi, campaigns against Sushen (658-660), and Yemishi (655)

Hiragana, syllabary

Hirai, castle

Hirasaka, now Ifuyo-saka

Hirata Atsutane (1776-1843) on Japanese government; Shinto revival; quoted

Hirate Masahide, tutor of Nobunaga, suicide

Hirohira, son of Murakami, set aside from succession

Hirose, commander, attempts to bottle-up Port Arthur

Hirotada see Tokugawa Hirotada

Hirotsugu see Fujiwara Hirotsugu

Hirozumi see Sumiyoshi Gukei

Hisaakira, Prince (1276-1328), shogun (1289-1308)

Historiography, early; the "Six National Histories" (697-887); compilations of Tokugawa period

Hitachi; Taira in

Fudoki, ancient record (715 A.D.)

Maru, Japanese transport sunk by Russians

Hitomaru see Kakinomoto Hitomaru

Hitotsubashi, branch of Tokugawa eligible to shogunate, named from gate of Yedo; Ienari's descent from

Harunari, father of fenari; reactionary policy; ambition opposed by Sadanobu

Hiyeda Arc (647), chamberlain, historiography

Hiyoshi, Shinto temple

Hizen, Tsuchi-gumo in; Mongol invaders in (1281); natives of, settle in China; fiefs surrendered; clan representation

—Genji, or Matsuura

"Hoe" among early implements; distributed to farmers (723)

Hoei, year-period (1704-10) debased coinage of

Ho-en, year-period (1135-40)

Hogen insurrection (1156; in year-period 1156-8); result

Hohodemi, myth of; name applied to Iware in "Chronicles"

Hojo, family holding office of shikken; power increased by Tokimasa; Hojo regency established; excellent rule; the nine regents; control of shogun; Oshu revolt; Go-Daigo overthrows; suicide of leaders; Go-Daigo's rescript; part of estates seized; rising in 1334; system imitated by the Ashikaga

—of Odawara, fight Satomi in Kwanto; alliance with Takeda; their importance; last eastern enemy of Nobunaga; defeated by Hideyoshi

Hojoki, Annals of a Cell

Hojo Kudaiki, on Kanazawa-bunko library

—Morotoki, regent (1301-11)

—Nagatoki (1230-64), shikken (1256)

—Nakatoki, fails to arrest Go-Daigo (1331); escapes from Rokuhara

—Sadatoki (1270-1311), regent 1284-1301, and in camera to; succession to Fushimi

—Sanetoki founds Kanazawa-bunko

—Soun, or Nagauji (1432-1519), reduces taxes; seizes Izu province

—Takaiye, commander against Go-Daigo

—Takatoki (1303-33), last of Hojo regents, 1311-33; Go-Daigo's quarrel; suicide

—Tokifusa, leader against Kyoto in Shokyu struggle; one of first tandai

—Tokimasa (1138-1215), guardian of Yoritomo; kills lieutenant-governor of Izu; in Awa; in Suruga; messenger to Yoshitsune; governs Kyoto; military regent; constables and stewards; high constable at Court; gives power of Minamoto to Hojo; kills Yoriiye, becomes shikken; exiled

—Tokimasu, death, (1333)

Hojo Tokimori, in southern Rokuhara

—Tokimune (1251-84), son of Tokiyori; regent (1256-84); Mongol invasion; Buddhism, and Buddhist temples; Nichiren

—Tokisada succeeds Tokimasa as high constable at Kyoto (1186)

—Tokiuji (1203-30) in northern Rokuhara

—Tokiyori (1226-33), shikken (1246-66), Miura plot against; cloistered regent; Buddhist temples

—Tokiyuki (d. 1353),captures Kamakura

—Tsunetoki (1224-46), shikken

—Ujimasa (1538-90), against Uesugi; ally of Shingen; defeated by Hideyoshi

—Ujinao, son of Ujimasa

—Ujinori, brother of Ujimasa

—Ujitsuna (1487-1543), conquers Kwanto

—Ujiyasu(1515-70), conquers Kwanto

—Yasutoki (1183-1242) sent against Kyoto at outbreak of Shokyu war; captures the capital; explains treatment of ex-Emperors; one of first tandai; in regency; thrift and generosity; Joei code; death; Buddhist temples

—Yoshitoki (1163-1224), military regent, defeats Wada Yoshimori; in council of Bakufu; in plot against Sanetomo; Go-Toba quarrels with; attitude toward Crown; restored; death

Hokke, Hokke-shu, see Nichiren; Hokke-kyo-sutra, book of Nichiren doctrine; Hokke-ikki, war of the sect on Hongwan-ji

Hokkyo Enzen, bonze, compiles Joei code

Hoko-ji, Buddhist temple in Asuka (587 A.D.); image; inscription on bell

Hoku-cho, Northern court

Hokuriku, Prince

Home Affairs, Department of, in Restoration government

Homestead, 50 houses, under Daika

Homma Saburo assassinates Hojo Suketomo

—Saemon, Hojo soldier

Homuda, life name of Emperor Ojin

Homutang, Russian stand at

Honcho Hennen-roku, or Honcho Tsugan, history

Honda Masanobu (1539-1617) adviser of Ieyasu

—Masazumi (1566-1637); Osaka castle; under Hidetada; punished for secret marriage

—Tadakatsu (1548-1610), Ieyasu's general at Sekigahara

Honen Shonin, or Genku, (1133-1212), preaches Jodo doctrine

Hongi, Original Records of the Free People

Hongo, Yedo, college at

Hongwan-ji, Shin temple in Kyoto; monks in 16th century wars; feud with Enryaku-ji; aid Mori, Takeda and Hojo; divided by Ieyasu

Honno-ji, temple

Hori, general of Ieyasu

Horigoe, Izu, fort

Horikawa, 73rd Emperor (1087-1107)

Horses, cavalry; "horse hunting"; wooden pictures, votive offerings; racing

Horyu-ji, Buddhist temple at Nara (607); ideographic inscription in; dancers' masks and records; statues

Hoshikawa, son of Kara, seizes treasury and plots for throne

Hoshina Masayuki (1609-72), guardian of Ietsuna

Hosho-ji, temple built by Shirakawa; cherry picnics; image

Hosoi Kotaku, calligraphist

Hosokawa, Harima, manor given to Fujiwara Tameiye; family favours Takauji; large estates; Muromachi kwanryo; one of Five Regent Houses; power in 15th century; Yamana family; Eastern army in Onin struggle; crushed by Miyoshi; "province holders"; in Sanuki

—Harumoto (1519-63), son of Sunimoto, in civil war; joined by Kokyo

—Katsumoto(1430-73), kwanryo; estates; feud with the Hatakeyama; quarrels with Yamana, shitsuji; death

—Kiyouji (d. 1362), goes over to Southern Court; defeated

—Masomoto (1466-1507)

—Mitsumoto (1378-1426), minister to Ashikaga Yoshimochi

—Sumimoto (1496-1520), kwanryo, (1507); exiled

—Sumiyuki (d. 1507)

—Tadaoki (1564-1645), discloses plot against Ieyasu; tries to kill Ishida; helps Ieyasu

—Takakuni (d. 1531); driven out by Sumimoto's son; death

—Yoriyuki (1329-92), guardian of Ashikaga Yoshimitsu; administration and death

Hospitals, Jesuit

Hosso, first Buddhist sect in Japan (653); Gembo studies tenets

Hostages, women, "Pillow children"; of feudatories at Yedo

Hosuseri, myth of

Hotta family, Bakufu ministers from

—Masamori (1606-51), minister of Iemitsu, suicide

—Masamutsu (1810-64) aids Townsend Harris

—Masatoshi (1631-84), on succession to shogunate; chief minister; assassinated

Hotto, Buddhist abbots

Household, unit of administration under Daiho

Household Department, under Daika, and Daiho

Hsia Kwei, Kamakura painter

Hsuan-ming calendar revised (1683)

Hsu Fuh, Chinese Taoist, search for elixir of life

Hulbert, History of Korea quoted

Human sacrifice, at funerals, replaced by use of effigies, abolished; in public works

Hun river, Manchuria

Hunting in prehistoric times; keeping dogs or falcons forbidden by Shotoku

Hyakunin-isshu, "Poems of a Hundred Poets"

Hyecha, Buddhist priest, instructor of Prince Shotoku

Hyogo, now Kobe, in Ashikaga revolt; battle; trade with China; English demonstration (1866) against

Hyuga, Kumaso in

Ibaraki-doji, bandit

Ice storage

Ichijo, 66th Emperor (987-1011)

—family, one of "Five Regent Houses"; leave Court for Tosa

—Fuyuyoshi, scholar

—Kaneyoshi (1402-81), regent, adviser of Ashikaga Yoshihisa; author; on religions

Ichiman see Minamoto Ichiman

Ichinei (I Ning, or Nei-issan), Buddhist priest

Ichi-no-tani, near Hyogo, in Settsu, defeat of Taira at

Icho-mura, birthplace of Hideyoshi

Ideographs, Chinese, historical writing; and Japanese language; date of introduction; adapted for syllabic purposes; in early laws

Ieharu see Tokugawa Ieharu

Iehisa see Shimazu Iehisa

Iemitsu see Tokugawa Iemitsu

Iemochi see Tokugawa Iemochi

Ienari see Tokugawa Ienari

Ienobu see Tokugawa Ienobu

Iesada see Tokugawa Iesada

Ieshige see Tokugawa Ieshige

Ietsugu see Tokugawa Ietsugu

Ietsuna see Tokugawa Ietsuna

Ieyasu see Tokugawa Ieyasu

Ieyoshi see Tokugawa Ieyoshi

Iga, Prince, see Otomo

Iharu Atamaro, leader of Yemishi (780)

Ii, adherents of Southern Court; Bakufu ministers from; tamarizume

—Naomasa (1561-1602), general at Sekigahara

—Naosuke, Kamon no Kami (1815-60), advocates foreign intercourse; prime minister at Yedo; Tokugawa Nariaki's opposition to; foreign policy; assassinated

—Naotaka (1590-1659), minister of Iemitsu, 581, and of Ietsuna

Ikeda Isshinsai, friend of Harunari

—Nobuteru (1536-84), councillor after Nobunaga's death; defeated

—Terumasa (1564-1613), in plot against Ishida; favours Ieyasu

Iki, island, in early myth; attacked by Toi, by Mongols; held by Japan

Ikki, "revolt"

Ikko, Shin sect; Ikko-ikki, war of 1488

Ikkyu Zenji (1394-1481), priest of Daitoku-ji

Ikuno, silver mines

Imagawa, family, gives refuge to Ashikaga Yoshimichi; against Hojo; in Suruga and Mikawa; Ieyasu's relations with

—Motome, general under Date Masamune

—Sadayo (Ryoshun), tandai of Kyushu; recalled

—Ujizane (1538-1614), son of Yoshimoto

—Yoshimoto (1519-60) rules Suruga, Totomi and Mikawa; threatens Owari; defeated at Okehazama (1560)

Imai Kanehira, one of Yoshinaka's four body-guards; sacrifices himself for his master

Imibe, corporation or guild of mourners, descent; guard Imperial insignia; abstainers; commissary agents in provinces; in charge of Treasury

Imjin River, Korea

Immigration, shadowed in myths; from Siberia, China, Malaysia and Polynesia; Japanese ethnologists on; of Koreans and Chinese in 3rd & 4th centuries; and later; from Shiragi (608)

Imna see Mimana

Imoko (Ono Imoko), envoy to China (607 A.D.)

Imperial lands

Imprisonment

Imun, Korea, secured by Kudara with Japan's help

Inaba, Princess Yakami of

Masayasu, assassin of Hotta Masatoshi

Inaba-yama, castle of Saito

Inahi, brother of Jimmu

Iname see Soga Iname

Inamura-ga-saki, cliff near Kamakura

Incense fetes

Incest

India, first Japanese visitor to, Takaoka or Shinnyo

Indian architecture, influence of, through Buddhism

Indigo growing in Awa

Industrial class, in Kamakura period

Industry, early Japanese; impulse given by Buddhism in Nara epoch; development in time of Yoshimune; modern manufactures

Infantry, use of

Inheritance, law of, in Daiho legislation; in feudal system of Tokugawa

I Ning see Ichinei

Inishiki, Prince

Inkyo (Ingyo), 19th Emperor (412-53)

In-memoriam services, Shinto

Inokami, consort of Konin

Inokashira lake and Yedo water-supply

Inokuma, general of the Left, executed

Ino Tadayoshi, survey of Northern islands (1800)

Inouye Kaoru, Marquis (b. 1835)

—Tetsujiro, Dr., on Bushi ethics; on Chutsz and Wang Yang-ming

Inquisitors, Bakufu officials at Court after Shokyu war

Insei see Camera government

Insignia, sacred Imperial, mirror, sword, jewel

Inspectors of district officials, after Daika; of provincial government; in temple service

Interest on loans

Interior decoration, Yamato school

"Interior," Granary of

—Ministry of, created by Daika (645)

"Invisible" Kami

Iratsuko, rebel against Yuryaku, famous archer

Iris festival

Iroha-uta, text book

Iron in Korea; foundry at Akunpura

Irrigation, under Sujin; under Nintoku, in 6th and 7th centuries; rice land; in Nara epoch; in Heian epoch; under Yoshimune

Iruka see Soga Iruka

Isa, early carriage-builder

Isawa, headquarters moved from Taga to

Ise, shrine of Sun at; Yamatodake at shrine; swords offered; oracle calls Amaterasu an avatar of Buddha; Watarai shrine; revolt of 1414 in; rebuilding shrines; Oda seize; Mori insults the shrine

Ise Heishi, branch of Taira

Ise Monogatori

—Sadachika (1417-73) page of Yoshimasa; marries Yoshitoshi's sister; influence of

Ishida Katsushige, soldier of Hideyoshi; brings about Hidetsugu's death; ordered to Korea; plot against Ieyasu; takes Osaka; death

Ishide family in charge of Yedo prison

Ishido family favours Tadayoshi

Ishikawa Island, house of correction on

Ishikawa Jinshiro relieves suffering in Kyoto

Ishi-yama, temple

Ishizu, battle, Akiiye defeated (1338) by Ko Moronao

Iso-takeru (Itakeru), son of Susanoo

Isuraka, Korean artist

Itagaki Taisuke, Count (b. 1837); resigns from cabinet and works for parliament; organizes Liberal party; invited into Cabinet

Itakura Katsushige (1542-1624), in bell-inscription plot; in Kyoto

—Shigemune (1587-1656), protests against Go-Komyo's activities

Italians employed by Government in fine arts

Ito Hirobumi, Prince (1841-1909); premier (1885); framer of constitution; head of Liberal party; treaty with China; assassinated

—Jinsai (1627-1705), Confucianist, 626

—Sukechika (d. 1181), guardian of Minamoto Yoritomo; crushes Yoritomo's army

Ito, or Wado, Chinese name for Japanese

Itsukushima-Myojin, Buddhist shrine

Itsutse, brother of Jimmu

Iwa, consort of Nintoku, of Katsuragi family

Iwai (Ihawi) ruler of Kyushu, blocks invasion of Korea (527) but is defeated by Arakaho (528)

Iwaki, son of Kara, contests throne with Seinei

Iwaki-uji, branch of Taira

Iwakura Tomoyoshi, Prince (1825-83), leader of moderate party

Iware, life-time name of Jimmu

Iwasaka, fort in Mikawa

Iwatsuki, in Musashi, fortified

Iyo, province; oldest ideographic inscription (596 A.D.); held by Kono

Izanagi and Izanami, male and female Kami, creators of Japanese islands

Izayoi-nikki, journal of Abutsu-ni

Izu, early ship-building in; Minamoto Tametomo exiled to; Yoritomo in; peaceful under Kamakura rule; seized by Hojo Soun (1491)

Izumi province, rising of 1399 in

—Chikahira revolts against Hojo

—Shikibu, poetess of 11th century

Izumo in early myth; revolt in causes withdrawal of court from Yamato; gems in; conquered by Mori

Jade, "curved-jewel"

Japan, name a Dutch (15th century) perversion of Jihpen; early names

Jenghiz Khan

Jerome, Father

Jesuits in Japan; banished, but stay; order to leave checked by Hideyoshi's death; Ieyasu plays off Franciscans against; denounce Dutch ship as pirate; treated well by Ieyasu

Jesus, Jerome de. (d. 1602), Franciscan, interview with Ieyasu

Jewel, curved, chaplet, one of Imperial insignia

Jih-pen, "Sunrise Island" name used by Chinese

Jimmu, Emperor (660-585 B.C.); chronology dating from accession; ancestry; leader in expedition against Yamato; poem mentioning Yemishi; strategem against Tsuchigumo; successors; tomb

Jimyo-in family, afterwards Hoku-cho or Northern Court, holding Chokodo estates; gets throne

Jingirryo, quoted on Board of Religion

Jingo, Empress (201-69); Chinese and Japanese chronology of reign; succession; excluded from dynasties by Dai Nihon-shi

Jingu-ji, temple built by Fujiwara Muchimaro, 192

Jinno Shotdki, "Emperor's Genealogy" work on divine right by Kitabatake Chikafusa

Jinshin, cyclical name for 672 A.D., civil war

Jisho-ji, monastery in Higashiyama, art-gallery

Jito, (41st) Empress (690-6), wife of Temmu; historiography; Sushen

Jiyu-to, Liberal party organized by Itagaki

Joben, one of "four kings" of poetry

Jocho, wood-carver

Jodo, Buddhist sect introduced (1196) by Honen; creed

Joei, year-period, (1232-3); code of 1232; basis of Kemmu code

Jokaku, sculptor

Jokwan, year-period, revision of Rules and Regulations

Jokyo, year-period (1684-7) trade limitations

Jomei, 34th Emperor (629-41), Tamura

Jo Nagashige, provincial governor, defeated

Jorin, scholar, adviser of Yoshimitsu

Josetsu (end of 14th century), bonze of Shokoku-ji, painter

Joye see Fujiwara Joye

Juko see Shuko

Jun, mother of Michiyasu (Montoku)

Junna, 54th Emperor (824-33)

Junnin, 47th Emperor (758-64)

Juntoku, 84th Emperor (1211-21), son of Go-Toba, abdicates, called Shin-in, "new recluse"; exiled

Juraku-tei, "Mansion of Pleasure"

Juro see Sukenari

Justice, Department of, Gyobu-sho, under Daiha; under Daiho; in Meiji government

Justice, court of

Justices, land grants to

Justo Ukondono see Takayama

Kada Arimaro (1706-69) revises code

—Azumamaro (1668-1736), scholar, restores Japanese literature; quoted

Kaempfer, Engelbert (1651-1716), historian

Kagoshima, in Satsume, landing-place (1549) of St. Francis Xavier; bombarded by English

Kagu, Mt., in sun myth

Kai, peaceful under Kamakura rule; won by Takeda Shingen; "black horse of"

Kaigen, priest in charge of Ashikaga-gakko

Kai-koku Hei-dan, book by Hayashi Shibei, urging coast defense

Kaikwa, 9th Emperor (157-98 B.C.)

Kaizan, priest of Myoshin-ji

Kajiwara Kagetoki (d. 1200), fighting against Yoritomo, sympathizes with him; military governor; in command of fleet quarrels with Yoshitsune; warns Yoritomo against Yoshitsune

Kakinomoto Hitomaru, poet, end of 7th century

Kamada Masaie, companion of Yoshitomo, death

Kamako see Nakatomi Kamako

Kamakura, S. of present Yokohama, Yoritomo's headquarters; military centre for 150 years; shrines built by Yoritomo; school of art; growth of luxury; fall of city (1333); headquarters of Ashikaga family; Takauji removes to Kyoto, keeping Kamakura as secondary basis; Ashikaga driven out, Uesugi come in

—Gongoro, soldier of Three Years' War

—Jidaishi, quoted on parties in Shokyu struggle

Kamatari; see Fujiwara Kamatari

Kamegiku, dancer

Kameyama, 90th Emperor (1259-74)

Kami in Japanese mythology; "creation" of chiefs; used in "Chronicles" of Yemishi chiefs; trinity of; two classes; the Kami class or Shimbetsu; worship of, in early 7th century; uji no Kami elective in Temmu's time; Shinto K., Buddha's avatars

Kamimura, Japanese admiral, crushes Vladivostok squadron

Kamitsuke (now Kotsuke), early dukedom

Kamo, Yamashiro, shrine in

Kamo Chomei, author of Hojoki

—Mabuchi (1697-1769), restores Japanese ethics; quoted

Kana, syllabary

Kana-ga-saki (Kanasaki), in Echizen, taken by Ashikaga

Kanamura, o-muraji, advises cession (512 A.D.) of part of Mimana to Kudara; helps Kudara to get Imun (513 A.D.); puts down revolt of Heguri Matori

Kanaoka see Koze Kanaoka

Kanazawa, fortress, in Three Years' War

Kanazawa, Prof. S., on Korean and Japanese languages

—Akitoki, son of Hojo Sanetoki

—bunko, school founded about 1270 by Hojo Sanetoki

—Sadaaki, son of Akitoki, scholar

Kane see Nakatomi Kane

Kaneakira, Prince (914-87), son of Daigo, poet

Kanenaga, Prince (1326-83), Mongol fugitives

Kanenari, Life-name of Emperor Chukyo

Kanin, princely house; Kokaku chosen from

Kanko-Maru, steamship presented by Dutch government

Kannabi, Mt., sacred rock

Kano school of painting; patronized by Tokugawa

—Masanobu see Masanobu

—Motonobu see Motonobu

Kanshin (687-763), Chinese Buddhist missionary, builds Shodai-ji temple

Kanzaki, port in Heian epoch

Kao, painter of Kamakura school

Kara, Princess, wife of Yuryaku

Kara, Korea; war with Shiragi

Karako, Japanese general, killed in Korea by Oiwa

Karano, 100-ft, ship (274 A.D.)

Karu, Prince, son of Inkyo, suicide

—Prince, brother of Empress Kogyoku, in Kamatari's plot; see Kotoku son of Kusakabe, succeeds to throne; see Mommu

Kasagi, refuge of Go-Daigo

Kasai Motochika (d. 1507)

Kasanui, Shrine of

Kashiwa-bara, palace at

Kasuga, cruiser, sinks Yoshino

—shrine at Nara (767-69) in honour of Fujiwara Kamatari; school of painting

—Tsubone, mistress of Ashikaga Yoshimasa

Katagiri Katsumoto, bugyo of Toyotomi; bronze Buddha; bell-inscription

Katakana, fragments of characters, syllabary

Katana, general, suppresses Yemishi revolt

Katari-be, raconteurs

Kato Kiyomasa (1562-1611), commands second corps in invasion of Korea; sides with Yae at court; in plot against Ishida; studies Chinese classics

—Shirozaemon Kagemasa, potter

—Tadahiro, son of Kiyomasa, banished

—Yoshiaki (1563-1631), plots against Ishida

Katsu, Count (Rintaro), minister of Marine

Katsuiye see Shibata Katsuiye

Katsumi; see Nakatomi Katsumi

Katsumoto see Hosokawa Katsumoto and Katagiri Katsumoto

Katsura, princely house

—Taro, Prince (1849-1913), prime minister (1908-11)

Katsurabara, Prince (786-853), ancestor of Taira

Katsuragi, beginning of power of; descended from Takenouchi; Kara

Katsuragi Mount

Kawabe Nie, in Korea

Kawagoe, in Musashi, fortifications

Kawajiri Shigeyoshi, appointed to Hizen

Kawakatsu kills preacher of caterpillar worship

Kawamura at Mukden

Kawanaka-jima, battlefield

Kaya, moor of, Oshiwa murdered on; port

Kaya-no-in, consort of Toba

Kazuhito, Prince, son of Go-Fushimi; nominally Emperor (Kogon, 1332-35)

Kazuko, daughter of Hidetada, first Tokugawa consort

Kazumasu see Takigawa Kazumasu

Kazusa, revolt of Yemishi in; Yoritomo enters

Kebiishi, executive police (810-29)

Kegon, sect of Buddhists (736 A.D.)

Kehi-no-ura see Tsuruga

Keicho, year-period, 1596-1614, coinage of

Keicha Ajari (1640-1701), scholar

Keiki see Tokugawa Yoshinobu

Keiko, 12th Emperor (71-130); expeditions against Yemishi, against Kumaso, and Tsuchi-gumo in Bungo; tree-worship

Keitai, Emperor (507-31); serpent worship; one province added; nashiro

Keiun, poet

Kemmu era (1334-6), restoration of; crushes military houses and puts court nobles in power; name applied by Northern court to years 1336-8

—Shikimoku, code of 1337

Kencho-ji, Zen temple in Kamakura

Kenju, or Rennyo Shonin, (1415-99), Shin priest

Kenko, daughter of Fujiwara Yorimichi, consort of Shirakawa, mother of Horikawa

Kenko see Yoshida Kenko

Kennin-ji, temple in Kyoto, Kao's studio in; one of the "Five"; priests alone could wear purple

Kennyo (1543-92), priest, intervenes for Sakai; guides Hideyoshi in Kyushu; helps turn Hideyoshi against Christians

Keno no Omi, in Korea

Kenrei-mon-in, Takakura's consort, daughter of Taira Kiyomori; drowned at Dan-no-ura

Kenshin see Uesugi Kenshin

Kenso, 23rd Emperor (485-7), originally called Oke; Yemishi do homage to

Kesa, mistress of Endo Morito (Mongaku)

Keumsyong, capital of Sinra, Korea

Khilkoff, Prince, Russian minister

Khitan Tatars, in China

Ki, family founded by Ki no Tsunu, descendant of Takenouchi; eligible to high office

—Haseo (845-912), famous scholar; plot to send him with Michizane to China; prose

—Hirozumi, leader against Yemishi, killed by them (780)

—Kosami (733-97), general against Yemishi (789), is defeated and degraded; report of the campaign

—Omaro, Japanese general in Korea, 6th century

—Tsurayuki (883-946), prose preface to Kokin-shu; Tosa Nikki

Kibi, old name for Bingo, Bitchu and Bizen provinces; Jimmu's stay in

—no Mabi or Makibi (693-775), Japanese student in China, minister of the Right, inventor of syllabary; opposition to Fujiwara; minister of the Right under Koken; opposes succession of Shirakabe (Konin); as litterateur

Kibumi, school of painters (604 A.D.)

Kidomaru, famous bandit

Kido Takamasa or Koin (1834-77), in alliance of Choshu and Satsuma

Kii, mythical land of trees; in Yamato expedition; promontory; armed monks in Komaki war; punished by Hideyoshi (499-500); orange growing; Tokugawa of

Kijima-yama, in Hizen, place for uta-gaki

Kikaku, verse-writer

Kikkawa in battle of Sekigahara

Motoharu (1530-86), son of Mori Motonari; adviser of Mori Terumoto; general

Kikuchi, adherents of Southern Court, in Saikai-do; make trouble in Kyushu; defeated by Otomo

Kimbusen, temple

Kimiko Hidetake in Three Years' War

Kimmei, 29th Emperor (540-71); Yemishi do homage to; intercourse with China

Kinai, five home provinces; rice grants

Kinchou, 2d Army wins battle of (1904)

Kinoshita Junan (1621-98), Confucianist, father of Torasuke

—Torasuke, scholar, at Yedo

—Yaemon, father of Hideyoshi

Kinshudan, "Embroidered Brocade Discourse"

Kira family, masters of ceremonies

—Yoshihide killed by "47 Ronins" (1703)

—Yoshinaka, son of Yoshihide

Kiso river, boundary of Mino, crossed by Nobunaga (1561 and 1564)

Kiso Yoshinaka see Minamoto Yoshinaka

Kitabatake, adherents of Southern Court in Mutsu and Ise; put down by Yoshinori; rule in Ise

—Akiiye (1317-38); raises siege of Kyoto; killed in battle

—Akinobu

—Chikafusa (1293-1354), historian and statesman, assistant governor of O-U; faithful to Go-Daigo; Main leader of Southern army; author of Jinno Shotoki; attempts to unite courts; death; combines Shinto, Buddhism and Confucianism; Shinto revival

—Mitsumase, revolts of

—Morokiyo, piracy

Kitamura Kigin (1618-1705) author

—Sessan, calligraphist

—Shuncho, son of Kigin

Kitano, Shinto officials of; tea fete

Kitashirakawa, Prince, abbot of Kwanei-ji

Kita-yama, Ashika Yoshimitsu's palace at; given to Buddhist priests

Kite, Golden

Kiuliencheng, on Yalu, centre of Kuroki's line

Kiyo, Princess, daughter of Saga

Kiyomaro see Wake Kiyomaro

Kiyomizu, temple

Kiyomori see Taira Kiyomori

Kiyosu, castle in Owari, conference of Nobunaga's vassals

—Naritada, scholar, 447

—Takenori, leader in Nine Years' Commotion, helps crush Abe Sadato (1062); family quarrel cause of Three Years' War

Kiyowara, family eligible to high office

Ko An-mu, Chinese scholar in Japan (516 A.D.)

Ko Moronao (d. 1351), defeats Kitabatake Akiiye at Ishizu; defeats Masatsura; shitsuji in Muromachi; plot against; killed by Uesugi

—Moroyasu (d. 1351); plot against; death

Koban, coin

Kobe, formerly Fukuhara, made capital by Kiyomori (1180); Hyogo, in Ashikaga revolt

Koben see Myoe

Kobo Daishi, posthumous name of Kukai (q.v.)

Kobun, 39th Emperor (672), Prince Otomo (q.v.) succeeds Tenchi; included in Dai Nihon-shi

Koeckebacker, Nicholas, Dutch factor, helps conquer castle of Kara

Koetomi, merchant, envoy to China

Kofuku-ji, Nara temple of Hosso sect; armed men of the monastery; their quarrels and their treatment by Taira; burnt by Taira (1180); revenue of temple

Koga, in Shimosa, seat of Ashikaga after Kamakura; Shigeuji's castle

Kogen, 8th Emperor (214-158 B.C.)

Kogon, Northern Emperor (1332-5), Prince Kazuhito (q.v.), gives commission (1336) to the Ashikaga, and expects restoration to throne; becomes Zen priest

Kogo-shui, ancient record quoted

Kogyoku, (35th) Empress (642-5); abdicates, becomes Empress Dowager; again Empress see Saimei; Asuka palace; worship of silk-worm

Kohayakawa Hideaki (1577-1602), nominally against Ieyasu, but goes over in battle of Sekigahara

—Takakage (1532-96); adviser of Mori Terumoto; general of Hideyoshi; in Korean invasion; signs Hideyoshi's laws of 1595

Koide Hidemasa (1539-1604), guardian of Hideyori

Ko-jiki, Records of Ancient Things; to 628 A.D.; on Chuai; contains the Kuji-hongi; preface

Kojima, adherents of Southern Court

—Takanori, defender of Go-Daigo

Kokaku, 119th Emperor (1780-1816); his rank and his father's

Koken, (46th) Empress (749-58), daughter of Shomu, known in life as Abe; abdicates but dethrones her successor; see Shotoku, son of Kenju

Koki, Record of the Country

Kokin-shu, 10th century anthology; Ki Tsurayuki's prose preface to; comments by Keichu

Koko, 58th Emperor (885-7), Prince Tokiyasu; couplet tournaments

Koku, coin, 438-9; unit of measure

Kokubun-ji, official provincial temples; affiliated with Todai-ji; heavy expense of

Kokuli, Korea

Kokushi, provincial governor; appointed by Throne, first mentioned in 374 A.D.; after Daika (645); over kuni; Buddhist hierarchy

Kokyo, Osaka abbot, leads great revolt (1529)

Koma, Korea, now Pyong-yang; increase of power; attacked by Kudara and Japan; families in Japanese nobility; falls; migration; ruler of Pohai recognized as successor of dynasty of; envoys; Mongol invasion

Koma, suzerain of Aya-uji, assassinates Sashun

Koma-gori, in Musashi, settlement in Japan from Koma

Komaki war (1583), named from Komaki-yama

Komei, 121st Emperor (1846-67)

Komon Mitsukuni

Komura Jutaro, Marquis (1853-1911), minister of foreign affairs, peace commissioner at Portsmouth

Komyo, Imperial name of Asuka, wife of Shomu and mother of Koken; story of miraculous conception

Komyo, Emperor (1336-48) of Northern dynasty, brother of Kogon; abdicates and becomes Zen priest

Kondo, branch of Fujiwara in Kwanto

Kongobo-ji, Shingon temple on Koya-san

Konin, 49th Emperor (770-81), formerly Prince Shirakabe; reforms local administration; festival of his birthday, Tenchosetsu

Konin, year-period (810-24) and revision of Rules and Regulations

Konishi Yukinaga (d. 1600), commands first division in Korean invasion (1592); entrapped by Chinese diplomacy; with last troops in Korea; opposes Kato; against Ieyasu; death

Konno, swordsman

Kono family in Iyo

Konoe, 76th Emperor (1142-55)

Konoe, Imperial guards; origin; name given to Fujiwara Motomichi's descendants, kwampaku alternately with Kujo; one of "Five Regent Houses"

—Prince, leader of moderate party

—Nobuhiro (1593-1643), minister of Right

—Sakihisa (1536-1612), envoy to Shin monks

Korai, or Koma, Korea

Korea, alphabet; architecture; artisans; Buddhism; China, relations with; chronology; language; music; myth; pottery, sepulchral; scholars; treasury, Japanese; early intercourse with Japan; Jingo's conquest; granary; Japanese relations in 540-645; families in Japanese nobility; war between Japan and China for; precious metals; 8th century relations; Mongol invasion; Japanese piracy; Hideyoshi's invasion; Arai Hakusekai's policy toward envoys; break with (1873); treaty (1875); Chinese activity in, 699-700; independence recognized by 1895 treaty; Russian aggression; Japan's interests in, recognized by Treaty of Portsmouth; Japanese occupation and annexation

Korehito, Prince, Emperor Seiwa

Korei, 7th Emperor (290-215 B.C.)

Korekimi see Fujiwara Korekimi

Koretaka, Prince (844-97), Buddhist monk and poet

Koreyasu, Prince, shogun, (1266-89)

Korietz, Russian gunboat at Chemulpo

Koriyama, in Yamato, castle commanding Izumi and Kii

Koromo, tunic, and name of a fort

Koromo-gawa, campaign on, against Yemishi

Kosa, abbot of Ishi-yama monastery

Koshi, Yemishi in

Kotesashi moor, Takauji defeated at

Koto, lute

Kotoku, 36th Emperor (645-54); Yemishi do homage to (646)

Kotsuke, early Kamitsuke, a dukedom; revolt of Yoshinaka in, (1180); won by Kenshin; silk growing in

Koya, reptile Kami of; snow festival of

Koyama, branch of Fujiwara in Kwanto; one of "8 Generals" of Kwanto

Koyane (Ame-no-Koyane) ancestor of Nakatomi

Koya-san, mountain in Kii, temple of Kongobo-ji; threatened after Komaki war; shrine; nobles enter

Koyomaro, warden of Mutsu, killed by Yemisi (724)

Koze (Kose); family descended from Takenouchi

Koze Fumio, scholar; Chinese prose

—Kanaoka (850-90), painter and landscape artist of Kyoto; school,

Kublai Khan and the Mongol invasion

Kubo, governor general of 4 provinces

Kuchiki Mototsuna (1549-1632) at battle of Sekigahara

Kuchinotsu, port, Jesuits invited to

Kudara, Korea, now Seoul; Japanese alliance; weaver from; scribe; relations with Yuryaku; story of Multa; invaded by Koma; secures Imun; gains through friendship of Japan; Buddhism; wars with Shiragi and Koma; crushed by Shiragi and China; migration from

Kudara Kawanari, painter

Kudo Suketsune, killed in vendetta (1193)

Kuga family, eligible for office of highest rank

—Nagamichi, minister under Go-Daigo

Kugeshu-hatto, Ieyasu's law for Court nobles

Kugyo (1201-19), son of Yoriiye, assassinates Sanetomo

Kuhi brings scales and weights from China

Kujihongi, history

Kujo, descendants of Fujiwara Kanezane, chosen Kwampaku alternately with Konoe; one of "Five Regent Houses"

Kukai (posthumously, Kobo Daishi), (774-835) Buddhist priest, called by some inventor of mixed Shinto; founder (809) of Shingon (True Word) system, calligrapher, and inventor of hira-gana syllabary; portrait; shrine (ill.)

Kuma, Southern tribe

Kumagaye Naozane (d. 1208), kills Taira Atsumori

Kumaso, early inhabitants of Kyushu; possibly of Korean origin; may be identical with Hayato; called Wado by Chinese; Keiko's expedition against; Chuai's expedition

Kume, Dr., on Yamato-dake's route of march; on Takenouchi-no-Sukune

—Prince, dies on expedition to Shiragi

—Kami

Kumebe, palace guards

Kunajiri, Russians seized at (1814)

Kuno, castle of, in Totomi

Kurama, temple of, Yoshitsune escapes from

Kurando or Kurodo, Imperial estates bureau, office established; K.-dokoro precursor of kwampaku; held by Minamoto Yorimasa

Kurayamada, conspirator against Soga; suicide

Kuriles, Russians in; Japanese title recognized

Kuriyama Gen, contributor to Dai Nihon-shi

Kuro, lady of Takenouchi family

Kuroda Nagamasa (1568-1623) soldier of Hideyoshi; against Ishida; favours Ieyasu; studies Chinese classics

Kurodo see Kurando

Kuroki, Ibei, Count (b.1844), commands on Yalu; defeats Russians; head of 1st Army; attempts to turn Russian flank; at Mukden

Kuromaro see Takamuku Kuromaro

Kuropatkin, Alexei Nikolaievitch (b.1848), Russian commander-in-chief in Manchuria; plans before and after Liaoyang; succeeded by Linievitch

Kusaka, defeat of Jimmu at

Kusakabe, Prince, (d. 690) son of Temmu and Jito

Kusano support Southern Court

Kusu (Kusuriko), daughter of Fujiwara Tanetsugu, consort of Heijo

Kusu, wife of Oto, kills him

Kusunoki, adherents of Southern Court

—Jiro, in attack on palace (1443)

—Masahide rebels in 1428

—Masanori (d. 1390) minister; joins Northern party, returns to Southern

—Masashige (1294-1336), called Nanko, defender of Go-Daigo; provincial governor; against Ashikaga; death, (ill.)

—Masatoki, death

—Masatomo defeats Nobunaga in Ise

—Masatsura (132648), son of Masashige; receives Go-Daigo in Yoshimo; campaign in Settsu

Kuwana, castle of Takigawa Kazumasu, in Ise

Kuzuno, Prince, son of Kobun, sacrifices his claim to throne (696)

Kuzuo, in Shinano, castle

Kivaifu-so, anthology of poems (751)

Kwaikei, sculptor

Kwammu, 50th Emperor (782-805), formerly Yamabe; changes capital to Kyoto (792); posthumous names first used; sends Saicho to study Chinese Buddhism

Kwampaku, regent for grown Emperor, mayor of palace, office established (882); decline of power under Go-Sanjo; foreshadowed by Kurando-dokoro; chosen alternately from Kujo and Konoe; office abolished after Kemmu restoration; unimportant after Tokugawa period

Kwampei era (889-97), Counsels of, Uda's letter to Daigo

Kwanei, year period, (1621-43); Kwanei Shake Keizu-den, genealogical record; Kwanei-ji, temple

Kwangaku-in, uji academy, founded (821)

Kwangtung peninsula, in battle of Kinchou

Kwang-wu, Chinese emperor, Japanese envoy to

Kwanji, period, (1087-94)

Kwanki, period, (1229-32), crop failure and famine

Kwanko see Sugawara Michizane

Kwanno Chokuyo establishes school in Yedo

Kwannon, Mercy, Buddhist goddess; Shirakawa's temple; temple at Kamakura

Kwanryo, governor general; list of Kamakura k.; title passes from Ashikaga to Uesugi family; also given (1367) to shitsuji in shogun's court, and held by Shiba, Hosokawa and Hatakeyama families; compared with shikken and betto

Kwansei, year-period, 1789-1800, vagabonds in Yedo during

Kwanto, or Bando, many shell-heaps in; army raised in, against Yemishi; Taira and Minamoto fight in; Minamoto supreme in; Ashikaya supreme; Eight Generals of, combine against Uesugi; battle-ground; war between branches of Uesugi and Hojo and Satomi; in Battle Period

Kwazan, 65th Emperor (985-6)

Kwobetsu, families of chieftains of the conquest, Imperial class; pre-historic administration; classification in Seishwoku; revolt; rank of Empress

Kyaku, "official rules" supplementing Yoro laws; revised; (819)

Kyogen, comic play

Kyogoku, one of four princely houses

—Takatsugu (1560-1609)

Kyoho, year-period, (1716-35); K.-kin, coins then minted

Kyong-sang, Korea

Kyoriku, verse-writer

Kyoroku, year-period, (1528-31)

Kyoto, capital 794 A.D.; two cities and two markets; capital momentarily moved to Fukuhafa (1180); evacuated by Taira (1183); school of art; culture; Go-Daigo's conspiracy; in war of dynasties; Takauji removes to; ravaged; Nobunaga restores order; under Hideyoshi; Portuguese; Xavier; Jesuits; Vilela; Franciscan church; patent to missionaries; shogun's deputy in; Ieyasu; Iemitsu's demonstration against; Court excluded from power; vendetta illegal in; great fire (1788); rebuilding; government; loyalist intrigues in: extremists driven from; foreign ministers invited to

Kyuka, priest

Kyushu, early myth; expedition against Yamato; situation; Kingdom called Wo by Chinese; government station; Keiko's expedition against Kumaso; granary; trade; Mongol invasion; revolt of 1349; taken from Ashikaga; disorder; piracy; great families; Hideyoshi's invasion; early European intercourse; Christians

Lacquer, trees, planting of, required for tenure of uplands; development of art in Nara epoch; in Heian; ware exported; manufacture in time of Yoshimasa; (ill.)

Ladies-in-waiting, uneme, at early court; dancers; Yoshimune's reforms

Land and land-holding, pre-historic; royal fees; taxation; Daika reform; all land Crown property; 6-year lease; sustenance grants lead to feudalism; Daiho laws; reclaimed uplands; centralized holdings, 8th century; grants for reclamation; maximum holdings; abuses in system; large estates; Go-Sanjo's reforms; territorial name; constables and stewards; Shokyu tumult; new distribution; Joei laws; Go-Daigo's grants; estates under Ashikaga; military holdings; tax; Crown lands pass to military houses; Hideyoshi's laws; taxes

Landscape-gardening, in the Heian epoch; in Kamakura period; patronized by Yoshimasa, in Muromachi epoch; at Momoyama

Land steward, jito, and chief steward, so-jito, in Yorikomo's reform of land; shimpo-jito, land holders and stewards after the Shokyu war

Language; in Heian epoch; difficulties for preaching

Lanterns, (ill.)

La Perouse, Strait of, claimed as Russian boundary

Law, in time of Ojin; criminal, protohistoric period; of Daiho; code of 1232 A.D.; Kemmu code; Hideyoshi's legislation; Laws of Military Houses; Laws for Court Nobles; of Iemitsu and Ietsuna; real code; in Tokugawa period; codified after Restoration; Department, in Meiji administration

Leech, first offspring of Izanagi and Izanami

Left Minister of, Sa-daijin, office created by Daika

Legs, length, as racial mark

Lese Majeste under Daiho code

Liao River, Russians forced into valley of

Liaotung peninsula, Chinese forces in, (1592), defeated by Japanese; fighting in 1894 in; Russian lease of

Liaoyang, battle of

Liberal party, Jiyu-to organized (1878) by Itagaki; unites with Progressists and forms Constitutionist party

Library of Kanazawa-biwko; of Shohei-ko; of Momijiyama Bunko; and Shinto

Liefde, Dutch ship

Li Hung-chang (1823-1901), Chinese plenipotentiary for peace of 1895

Li Lungmin, artist

Linievitch, Nikolai Petrovitch (b.1834), Russian general, succeeds Kuropatkin in command, defeated at Mukden

Literature, in Nara epoch; in Heian epoch; in Tenryaku era, 261; in Kamakura epoch; in Muromachi period; under Hideyoshi; place of, in Military Houses' Laws; in Court Laws; Ieyasu's attitude; Tsunayoshi encourages Japanese and Chinese; favoured by Yoshimune; Japanese, restoration of; foreign; Chinese

Liu-Jen-kuei, Chinese general, defeats Japanese in Korea (662 A.D.)

Lloyd, Rev. A., on Buddhism, Tendai, Hosso; and Shinto

Longevity, herb of

Longford's Korea cited

Loochoo see Ryukyu Islands

Lotteries

Lotus festival

Loyalty, in early times; in Heian epoch; in Tokugawa period

Lute, of Susanoo; the koto, made from the ship Karano; biya, 4-stringed Chinese lute

Mabuchi see Kamo Mabuchi

Macao, trade with; Jesuits there; annual vessel from; embassy of 1640 from

Machado, Joao Baptista de (1581-1617), Jesuit, executed

Machi-ya, shop

Madre de Dios, Pessoa's ship

Maeda Gen-i or Munehisa (1539-1602), guardian of Oda Nobutada's son Samboshi; in charge of Kyoto Buddha

—Toshiiye (1538-99), fails to help Shibata Katsuiye; commands armies in Komaki war, and against Hojo; one of 6 senior ministers; attempt to make break between Ieyasu and; death

—Toshinaga (1562-1614), son of Toshiiye, favours Ieyasu; simulates madness

Magic and incantations, of Buddhist abbot Raigo; general belief in

Mahayana, Great Vehicle, esoteric Buddhism

Mahitotsu, metal worker

Makaroff, Stephan Osipovitch (1848-1904), Russian admiral drowned with Petropavlovsk

Maketsu, Chinese or Korean spinning woman, immigrant to Japan

Maki, wife of Hojo Tokimasa, favours her son-in-law, Minamoto Tomomasa

Makibi see Kibi no Mabi

Makura Soshi, book by Sei Shonagon

Mallets and "mallet-headed" swords

Mamiya Rinzo (1781-1845) discovers (1826) that Saghalien is not part of continent

Mamta, Prince, in charge of Record of Uji

Manabe Norifusa, minister under Ienobu, and Ietsugu; removed from Treasury by Yoshimune

Manchu-Korean subdivision of Asiatic yellow race

Manchuria, in colonization from northern China; part ceded to Japan by treaty of 1895, but not occupied after Russian, German and French note; Russian designs upon; Russia's failure to evacuate, and negotiations over "open door"; Russo-Japanese war; evacuation of, provided for by treaty of Portsmouth; Japanese position in

Man-dokoro, administration bureau, one of three sections of Bakufu, formerly called kumon-jo; in administration of Kyoto after Shokyu war; in Muromachi administration

Maneko, atae of Iki, suicide

Man-en, year-period, 1860, coinage of

Manhattan, American ship, enters Uraga

Mannen tsuho, coin

Manners and customs, remote; in time of Yuryaku; in Muromachi period

Manors, large estates, shoen; attempts to regulate; koden, tax free, granted to Taira after Heiji tumult; Yoritomo's memorial on; abuses of, remedied by appointment of constables and land stewards; distribution after restoration of Kemmu; gifts of Takauji

Manumission of slaves

Manyo-shu, "Myriad Leaves" first Japanese anthology; compared with Kokinshu; on character of soldier; comments on, by Keichu

Map, official, begun under Hideyoshi

Market Commissioners, after Daika

Markets, ichi, in early Japan; in Nara epoch

Marquis, asomi, title established by Temmu

Marriage in early Japan; and the festival of utakai; none recognized among slaves by Daika; in Nara and earlier epochs; in laws of Military Houses; between military and court families; child marriage

Marubashi Chuya, leader in revolt of 1651

Masa, daughter of Hojo Tokimasa, mistress of Minamoto Yoritomo; mother of Yoriiye and the power, with Tokimasa, in his administration; saves Sanetomo; plea to generals of Bakufu; death (1225)

Masakado see Taira Masakado

Masanobu (1453-90), painter

Masanori see Kusunoki Masanori

Masashige see Kusunoki Masashige

Masatomo see Ashikaga Masatomo

Masatoshi see Hotta Masatoshi

Masayasu see Inaba Masayasu

Masks for dances, sculptured; no masks

Masses, Buddhist

Masuda Nagamori (1545-1615), one of 5 administrators, plots with Ishida against Ieyasu; enters monastery after Sekigahara

Masukagami, history of 1184-1333, on literature

Mats, tatami, floor-coverings; tatsu-gomo

Matsubara, Pine Plain

Matsudaira, origin of family; of Aizu, etc.

—Hideyasu (1574-1607), son of Ieyasu

—Masatsuna (1567-1648), Tokugawa agent in Kyoto

—Mitsunaga (1615-1717), punished by shogun

—Motoyasu see Tokugawa Ieyasu

—Nobutsuna (1596-1662), minister of Iemitsu, and of Ietsuna

—Norimura, minister of Yoshimune, drafts code (1742); succession to Yoshimune

—Sadanobu (1758-1829), revises code; minister under Ienari; sumptuary laws; educational reforms; retires; matter of rebuilding palace; rank of Tsunehito and Hitotsubashi Harunari; revises rules of procedure

—Tadanao, punished by Tokugawa in 1623

—Tadatem (1593-1683), daimyo of Echigu; removed

—Yoshinaga, baron of Echizen, advocates foreign trade; importance in new Japan

Matsukura Shigemasa (1574-1630), persecutes Christians, urges conquest of Philippines

Matsumae, ruling Northern islands, clash with Russians

Matsuriaga Hisahide (1510-77), kills Norinaga and the shogun Yoshiteru; ally of Shingen

Matsuo Basho (1644-94), verse writer

Matsushita Yukitsuna, soldier under whom Hideyoshi served

Matsuura, in Hizen, Toi attack unsuccessfully; branch of Minamoto; support Southern Court; attitude toward Xavier

Mayor of the palace, kwampaku

Ma Yuan, painter

Mayuwa kills Anko

Measures, early; standard (senshi-mashu) of Go-Sanjo; in Hideyoshi's laws

Medicine

Medicine-hunting, early court amusement

Meiji, "Enlightened Government" year-period 1868-1912; posthumous name of Mutsuhito

Meitoku, year-period, 1390-3, and the rising of 1391

Men, ideographic Japanese used by

Menju Shosuke, impersonates Shibata Katsuiye and saves him

Mercy, goddess, Kwannon

Merit lands, Koden, granted for public services

Mexico, Spanish ships from

Michelborne, Sir Edward, on Japanese sailors (1604 or '5)

Michi no Omi, ancestor of Otomo

Michinaga see Fujiwara Michinaga

Michiyasu, Prince; Emperor Montoku (q.v.)

Michizane see Sugawara Michizane

Mikado, origin of title; name appropriated for residence of Soga Emishi

Mikata-ga-hara, war of, (1572-3)

Mikawa, province, Oda defeat Imagawa in; fighting in Komaki war

Mikena, brother of Jimmu

Military Affairs, in ancient Japan; first conscription (689 A.D.); organization under Daiho; during Nara epoch; improvement in organization in 12th century; development of tactics; foreign military science; conscription laws and samurai; new army justified by Satsuma rebellion; modern army organization

Military Art of Bushi

—class, shi; in Kamakura period

—code, Gumbo-ryo, of Daiho laws

—dues, Buke-yaku

—ethics, and Primer of Yamaga Soko

Military houses, buke, rise in 8th century; 10th; 11th; power increased by Hogen and Heiji insurrections; Minamoto ideals; finances; crushed by Kemmu restoration; Northern Court follows system of; in Ashikaga times; Onin disorder; Muromachi period; land holdings; power in Tokugawa period; Laws of; intermarry with Court nobles; weakness

Militia, kondei, in 8th century

Milk

Milky Way in myth

Millet as substitute for rice

Mimaki, life-time name of Emperor Sujin

Mimana (Imna), Japanese name for Kara, Korea; Japanese influence there; Tasa leads revolt in; part ceded to Kudara; Keno in; pretended expedition against; Shiragi overpowers; Japan intervenes in war between Shiragi and; Shiragi invades (622); families from, in 9th century nobility

Mimasaka, province, given to Yamana family (1441)

Mimashi, Korean teacher of music (612 A.D.)

Mime, Dengaku

Mimoro, Prince

Mimoro, Mt., in early myth; Kami of, a serpent

Minamoto, princely family; Fujiwara take wives from; generals of Imperial guards; called Gen and Gen-ji; academy; manors and troops; win Taira estates; quarrel with Taira; revolt against Fujiwara; literature; military power in provinces, especially Kwanto; "claws" of Fujiwara; provincial branches; war with Taira; power taken by Hojo

—Hikaru (845-913), son of Nimmyo, accuses Sugawara Michizane; death

—Hiromasa (918-80), musician

—Ichiman (1200-3), candidate for shogun, killed

—Kanetsuna, in Yorimasa conspiracy

—Kugyo see Kugyo

—Mitsukune, erects monument to Kusunoki Masashige

—Mitsumasa, founder of Suruga Genji

Minamoto Mitsunaka (912-97), reveals conspiracy against Fujiwara (967); his influence; founder of Shinano Genji; the two swords

—Nakaakira, killed with Sanetomo by Sugyo

—Narinobu, poet

—Noriyori (1156-93), sent against Yoshinaka; at Ichino-tani; commands force (1184-5); blocks Taira from withdrawing into Kyushu; assassinated

—Sanetonio (1192-1219), rival of Ichiman; blocks Hojo designs; attempt to assassinate him; death; patron of Fujiwara Tameiye

—Senju-maru (1201-14), revolt, execution

—Shigenari, pretends to be Yoshitomo

—Shitago (911-83), litterateur

—Tadaaki, in capture of Rokuhara

—Tametomo (1139-70), great warrior of Hogen tumult; exiled to Izu; advice not followed

—Tameyoshi, in Hogen, tumult

—Tomomasa, Maki's candidate for shogun, killed

—Toru (822-95), minister of the Left under Uda

—Toshikata (959-1027), poet, one of Shi-nagon

—Tsunemoto (894-961), Prince Rokusoh, founder of Seiwa Genji; in beginning of hostilities with Taira

—Wataru, husband of Kesa

—Yorichika (d. 1117), ancestor of Suruga Genji

—Yoriiye (1182-1204), succeeds (1199) as lord high constable and chief landsteward; as shogun (1202); killed by Tokimasa

—Yorimasa (1106-80), sides with Taira, killed

—Yorimitsu (944-1021), soldier; aids Michinaga; at Court

—Yorinobu (968-1048); governor of Xai, drives back Taira Tadatsune; helps Michinaga

—Yoritomo (1147-99), son of Yoshitomo; escapes after Heiji war; war of 1180; army crushed; gains; quarrels with Yoshinaka; called to Kyoto; sent against Yoshinaka; relations with Yoshitsune; Bakufu independent of Court; memorial on manors; becomes sei-i tai-shogun; death and character; patron of Saigyo Hoshi; system imitated by Takauji

—Yoriyoshi (995-1048); in Nine Years' Commotion

—Yoshichika (d. 1117) rebellion put down by Taira Masamori

—Yoshihira, son of Yoshitomo

—Yoshiiye (1041-1108); great archer; called Hachiman Taro, in Nine Year's Commotion and Three Year's war; helps put down disorder of Enryaku-ji monks

—Yoshikata

—Yoshimitsu (10567-1127), founder of Tada Genji; in Three Years' War

—(Kiso) Yoshinaka (1154-84), revolts in Shinano-Kotsuke; quarrels with Yoritomo; defeats Taira at Tonami-yama; Go-Shirakawa joins; tries to get crown for Hokurika; death

—Yoshitaka marries Yoritomo's daughter; death

—Yoshitomo, supports Go-Shirakawa in Hogen tumult; joins in plot of Heiji; advice overruled by Nobuyori, killed; his sons; loses great land holdings

—Yoshitsuna (d.1134), brother of Yoshiiye

—Yoshitsune (1159-89), son of Yoshitomo, escapes after Heiji tumult; joins Yoritomo; sent against Yoshinaka; at Ichi-no-tani; wins battle of Yashima; relations to Yoritomo; attempted assassination; protected by Fujiwara Hidehira, suicide

—Yukiiye (d. 1186); repeatedly defeated; joins Yoskinaka; Yoshinaka disapproves his choice to be governor of Bizen; summary criticism of him; turns to Yoshitsune, death

—Yukitsuna betrays Shishi-ga-tani plot (1177), 296; occupies Settsu and Kawachi (1183)

Mincho, called Cho Densu, (1352-1431), painter

Ming, Chinese Emperor, mission for Buddhist Sutras; dynasty, its fall

Mining, Ieyasu's efforts (1609) to develop

Ministers, system of three, under Daika; members of Privy Council Board under Daiho; Hideyoshi's system; council of, separated from shogun; senior and junior ministers

Mino, province, Oda defeat Saito in

Miroku (Sanskrit Martreya), stone image of, brought to Japan (584 A.D.)

Mirror, in myth of Sun-Goddess; one of Imperial insignia; bronze, in sepulchral remains

Mishchenko, Russian general, leads cavalry raid after fall of Port Arthur

Misumi, adherents of Southern Court, in Sanin-do

Mita, Korean architect

Mitigations (roku-gi) of penalty of Daiho code for rank, position and public service

Mito, Tokugawa of

Mitoshi, a Kami

Mitsubishi Company, first private dockyard

Mitsuhide see Akechi Mitsuhide

Mitsukuni see Tokugawa Mitsukuni

Mitsunobu (Tosa no M.), painter, founder of Tosa school of painting

Miura branch of Taira; plot against Hojo

Mitsuinura (d. 1247), suicide

—Yasumara (1204-47), in war with Hojo

—Yoshiaki

—Yoshizumi (1127-1200), in Bakufu

Miwa Sako, commander of palace guards

Miyake Atsuaki, contributor to Dai Nilon-shi

Miyoshi, scholars in Ashikaga administration; lecturers; in civil war of 1520-50; crush Hoshokawa; in Awa; attempt to take Kyoto

—Kiyotsura (847-918); memorial (914), on writing; Chinese scholar

—Masanaga, inheritance

—Miyoshi Motonaga

—Nagateru (d. 1520), guardian of Hosokawa Sumimoto and Takakuni; death

—Norinaga, called Chokei (1523-64), in civil war

—Yasunobu (1140-1221), son of Yoritomo's nurse; ancestor of Ota and Machino uji; in Bakufu council; advice at beginning of Shokyu struggle; death

—Yasutsura, with Hojo Yasutoki plans Joei code

—Yoshitsugu (d.1573), revolts in Settsu

Mizugaki, Sujin's court at

Mizuha, life time name of Emperor Hansho

Mizuno, governor of Nagasaki, persecutes Christians

—Echizen no Kami, prime minister of Ieyoshi, sumptuary laws and efforts at reform (1826)

Mochifusa see Uesugi Mochifusa

Mochihito, Prince, (1150-80), Yorimasa conspiracy

Mogami of Yamagata

—Yoshiakira (1546-1614), one of Ieyasu's generals

Moho, variant name of Sushen or Toi

Momijiyama Bunko, Tokugawa library at Yedo

Mommu, 42nd Emperor (697-707), Prince Karu, accession; succession and plan to move capital

Momokawa see Fujiwara Momokawa

Momonoi family favours Tadayoshi

Momo-yama, "Peach Hill," in Fushimi, Hideyoshi's palace; last epoch of Ashikaga shogunate; palace destroyed (1596); Ieyasu's castle taken (1600)

Momozono, 116th Emperor (1735-62)

Mon, coin

Mongaku, priest, originally Endo Morito, aids Yoritomo

Mongol, subdivision of yellow race; fold of eye; invasion

Monju-dokoro, Bakufu department of justice; in administration of Kyoto after Shokyu war; power passes to Hyojoshu; in Muromachi administration

Monkey, worship of; female divinity

Mononobe, palace guard; uji of Kwami class, important especially in Yuryaku's reign; oppose Buddhism

Moriya, o-muraji, killed by Soga; their rivalry; opposes Buddhism; supports Anahobe; final contest with Soga; property

—Okoshi, o-muraji; opposes Buddhism

Montoku, Emperor (851-58), chronicle of reign

Montoku Jitsuroku, National History

Monto-shu, Shin sect

Moon, Kami of

Moonlight festivals

Mori Arinori, Viscount (1847-89), minister of public instruction, assassinated

Mori family, rapid rise in power; Ashikaga Yoshiaki turns to

—Hidemoto (1579-1650), in Ishida's army

—Motonari (1497-1571), wins power of Ouchi

—Motonori (1839-96), of Choshu, leader of extremists, expelled from Kyoto

—Nagayoshi (1558-84), general of Hideyoshi

—Rammaru, lieutenant of Nobunaga

—Terumoto (1553-1625) loses central Japan to Hideyoshi; Akechi Mitsuhide joins; peace with Hideyoshi; senior minister; signs Hideyoshi's laws; favours Ishida, leads his army; loses estates

Morihito, Emperor Nijo

Morikuni, Prince (1301-33), shogun, (1308-33)

Morimasa see Sakuma Morimasa

Morinaga, Prince, (1308-35), called Oto no Miya, son of Go-Daigo, and his defender; commander-in-chief; death

Moriya see Mononobe Moriya

Morosada, Prince, see Kwazan

Moroya, chief of Otomo, o-muraji

Morrison, American ship in Yedo, 1837

Mother-of-pearl and lacquer

"Mother's Land," Shiragi, Korea

Motien Mountains, Russian campaign planned in

Motonobu (1476-1559), painter, Kano school

Motoori Norinaga (1730-1801), Shinto revival; quoted; on Shinto dualism

Mourning colour, white, earlier, black; customs; periods of, varying with rank

Moxa, medicinal herb, touch of, defilement

Mu Hsi, painter

Mukden, Russian railway through; battle of (1905)

Muko, Fukuhara harbour

Mukuhara, Buddhist temple at

Mulberry, early culture; used with hemp to make cloth; order for cultivation (472 A.D.); planting of, condition of tenure of upland

Multa, King of Kudara, stories of his cruelty told of Emperor Muretsu

Munemara, chief of trade

Munetada see Tokugawa Munetada

Munetaka, Prince (1242-74), shogun in 1252-66

Munetake see Tokugawa Munetake

Munro, N. G., on Japanese archaeology; imibe; rice-chewers; coins

Muraji, "chief," title; applied to pre-conquest (Shimbetsu) rulers; o-muraji, head of o-uji; inferior title in Temmu's peerage

Murakami, 62nd Emperor (947-67)

Murakami Genji, branch of Minamoto

—Yoshihiro, of Iyo province, pirate chief

—Yoshikiyo (1501-73), driven from Kuzuo by Takeda Shingen

—Yoshiteru impersonates Morinaga

Murasaki Shikibu (d. 992), writer of Genji Monogatari

Muravieff, Nikolai Nikolaievich (d. 1881), Russian commander in Far East, claims (1858) Saghalien

Murdoch, J., quoted on Tadatsune's ravages of Kwanto; on Heian epoch; weakening of Fujiwara power; Bushi of Kwanto; Joei code; downfall of Bakufu; feudalism in war of dynasties; literati in Ashikaga administration; Kamakura rule in Kai, Izu and Mutsu; revolt of 1443

Muretsu (Buretsu), 25th Emperor (499-506)

Muro Nawokiyo, or Kyuso, (1658-1734). Confucianist, historian of "47 Ronins"; adviser to shogun

Muromachi, part of Kyoto, administrative headquarters of Ashikaga; Ashikaga shoguns at

Musashi, immigrants from Koma settle in; war of Taira and Minamoto in; Hojo and Uesugi in

Mushroom picking

Music, Korean and Buddhist; and poetry; in Heian society; joruri

Muso Kokushi, "National Teacher," or Soseki (1271-1346), scholar; head of Tenryuji

Muto, branch of Fujiwara in Kwanto

—Sukeyori, founder of Shoni family

Mutsu, 5 provinces, in Nara epoch, N. E. and N. littoral; the Nine Years' Commotion (1056-64) in; Three Years' War (1089-1091) in; (O-shu) part of 0-U, 388; peaceful under Kamakura rule; revolt of 1413 in; in 16th century wars; silk growing; famine of 1783-6 in

—branch of Fujiwara, descendants of Fujiwara Kiyohira; give Yoshitsune asylum; crushed by Yoritomo (1189)

Mutsuhito, (posthumous name, Meiji), 122nd Emperor (1867-1912); seal

Myochin Nobuiye, metalworker and armourer

Myocho, Zen priest

Myoe (or Koben), bonze, quotation from his biography on Yasutoki

Myogaku-ji, temple

Myong see Song Wang Myong

Myoo, priest

Myoshin-ji, Zen temple, W. of Kyoto

Myosho, (109th) Empress (1629-43), Princess Oki, daughter of Go-mizu-no-o and Tokugawa consort

Mythology; rationalistic explanation of, by Japanese

Nabeshima Naoshige (1537-1619), invasion of Korea

Nagahama, Omi, headquarters of Hideyoshi

Nagakude, battle of

Nagamasa see Asai Nagatnasa and Asano Nagamasa

Nagamori see Masuda Nagamori

Nagao Kagetora see Uesugi Kenshin

Nagaoka, Yamashiro, capital

—uji, of princely descent

Nagasaki, port; church, trade, growth; Jesuit church seized by Francisans; missionaries receive patent; Martyrs' Mount; execution of De l'Assumption and Machado; "Great Martyrdom"; trade; Pessoa at; Dutch and English confined to; Dutch factory; Russians come to (1804); Glynn and the Preble; Americans allowed to trade; military college at

—Enki, guardian of Hojo Takatoki

—Takashige, suicide, 386

—Takasuke (d.1333), minister of Takatoki; dethrones Go-Daigo

Nagashino, castle

Nagasune, governor of Yamato

Nagato, fortifications at, (1280)

Nagatoshi, name given to Nawa Nagataka

Nagauji see Hojo Soun

Nagaya (684-729), minister of the Left

Nagoya, in Hizen, base of operations against Korea; castle of

Nai-mul, king of Shiragi (364), first sends tribute to Yamato

Naka, Prince, son of Kogyoku; passed over, in succession; interregnum; Great Reform; expedition to Korea; Emperor Tenchi

Nakachiko, Oshiwa's servant

Nakahara family, scholars, secretaries in Bakufu; in Ashikaga administration; lecturers

—Chikayoshi (1142-1207) in Yoritomo's Bakufu; nominated; high constable at Court, but not appointed; in Bakufu council; ancestor of Otomo family of Kyushu

—Kaneto, rears Yoshinaka; his four sons, Yoshinaka's guards

Nakai Seishi establishes school in Osaka

Xakamaro see Abe Nakamoro and Fujiwara Nakamaro

Nakamura Hiyoshi see Toyotomi Hideyoshi

Nakane Genkei, mathematician, translates Gregorian calendar into Japanese

Nakanomikado, 114th Emperor (1710-35)

Nakano, suburb of Yedo, dog-kennel in

Naka-Nushi, "Central Master"

Nakasendo, Central Mountain road, completed early in 8th century

Nakashi, wife of Okusaka

Nakatomi family, court priests; descended from Koyane; guardians of 3 insignia, and of Shinto ceremonials; oppose Buddhism, and Soga

—Kamako, muraji, opposes Buddhism

—Kamatari see Fujiwara Kamatari

—Kane, muraji, minister, in conspiracy against Oama (Temmu)

—Katsumi, muraji, killed (587 A.D.)

Nakatsu, Prince

Nakaye Toju (1608-48), Confucianist, follower of Wang Yang-ming

Namamugi incident

Nambu family

—Saemon opposes Ieyasu

Names and naming, Japanese system; territorial

Naniwa, now Osaka, capital of Emperor Nintoku; Buddhist temple, (579); immigrants from Kudara; administration, Settsu-shoku, under Daiho; removal of capital to, by Kotoku; trade in Heian epoch

Nanko, see Kusunoki Masashige

Nankwa (16th Cent.), scholar

Na-no-Agata or Watazumi-no-Kuni, Japanese intercourse with

Naiishan, commanding Port Arthur

Nanzen-ji, Zen temple, 454; one of the "Five"

Nara, Yamato province, removal of capital to (709 A.D.); the Nara epoch (709-84); the Nara image of Buddha; city officials, revenues from public lands appropriated for, 775 A.D.; Kusu and Fujiwara Nakanari attempt to make it capital again; power of armed monks controlled by Yoshinori; rebel against Yoshimasa; Takauji tries to check

Nariaki see Tokugawa Nariaki

Narimasa see Sasa Narimasa

Narinaga, Prince (1325-38), kwanryo of Kwanto; shogun at Kamakura

Narita Kosaburo assists Go-Daigo

Nariyuki see Tokugawa Nariyuki

Nasu family, one of "8 Generals of Kwanto"

"National Histories, Six" covering years 697-887 A.D.; five composed in Heian epoch

Nature Worship

Navarrete, Alonso (1617), Spanish Dominican, executed by Omura

Navigation; see Ships

Navy, Japanese, in Mongol invasion; in invasion of Korea; naval College, Gunkan Kyojujo, at Tsukiji; modern organization; in war with China; in war with Russia

Nawa, adherents of Southern Court, in Sanin-do

Nagatoshi (d. 1336), helps Go-Daigo escape; provincial governor; commands against the Ashikaga; death

Nazuka Masaiye, in charge of land-survey

Needle, magic, as cure

Negoro, in Kii, firearms made at; headquarters of priests of Kii

Nei-issan see Ichinei

Nemuro, Russian ship in (1792)

Nengo, era or period, in chronology; different names in Northern and Southern courts

Nenoi Yukichika, one of Yoshinaka's four guards

Ne no Omi, messenger of Anko

Neo support Southern Court in Mino

Neolithic culture

Nestorian Christianity in China

Netsuke, (ill.)

New Spain, Mexico, ships from

New Year's celebration

Ng, Chinese writer on war (3d Cent, A.D.)

Nichira, Japanese at Kudara Court advises Bidatsu against Kudara

Nichiren, Buddhist sect dating from 13th century; its founder; war with other monks

Nigihayahi, uncle of Jimmu, overlord of Nagasune

Nihon Bummei Shiryaku, on early medicine

Nihon Kodaiho Shakugi, on Board of Religion

Nihon Koki, Later Chronicles of Japan (792-833)

Nihongi, Chronicle of Japan (720); on Chuai and Jingo; after 400 A.D.

Nihonmatsu family

Nihon Shoki, Written Chronicles of Japan to 697 A.D. (720), revision of; continuations

Nijo, family founded by son of Fujiwara Michiiye, one of "Five Regent Houses"

Nijo, 78th Emperor (1159-66)

Castle, Kyoto, destroyed; officials of

Michihira (1287-1335), Go-Daigo's minister

Yoshimoto (1320-88), scholar and author

Nikaido in office of shitsuji; defeated by Date

Sadafusa opposes the regent (1331)

Nikki favour Takauji

Nikko, Shimotsuke province, shrine of Ieyasu and tombs in; annual worship at

Nikolaievsk, strategic situation

Nimmyo, Emperor (834-50); chronicle of his reign; luxury

Nine Years' Commotion, Zenkunen (1056-64)

Ningpo, trade with Japan; sacked by Japanese

Ninigi see Hikoho Ninigi

Ninken, 24th Emperor (488-98), Prince Woke

Ninko, 120th Emperor (1817-46)

Nintoku, 16th Emperor (313-99); 7 provinces added by; consort, Takenouchi's granddaughter; love story; remits taxes