The spikelets are linear, narrowed upwards, glabrous, flattened pale green or purple tinged, few to 70-flowered; pedicels are slender and capillary, longer or shorter than the spikelets; rachilla is zigzag and glabrous. The first two glumes are subequal, ovate, acute, one-nerved, keel obscurely scaberulous, membranous. The third and the succeeding flowering glumes are ovate, obtuse, as long as the second glume or slightly longer, sub-chartaceous, glabrous, three-nerved; palea is shorter than the glume, curved obovate oblong and persistent on the rachilla. Stamens are three with small anthers. Style branches are two. Lodicules are minute. Grain is nearly globose, compressed on one side, obscurely rugulose.

This grass is not very widely distributed although it occurs in some parts of the Presidency. It is common on the West Coast in sandy places.

Distribution.—From the Punjab to Bengal and Burma and Southward to Carnatic. Also said to occur in Afghanistan and Tropical Africa.



Eragrostis major, Host.

This is an annual tufted grass. Stems are erect or geniculately ascending, usually short, leafy and branched below, glabrous and shining, 1/2 to 2 feet long.

The leaf-sheath is glabrous, striate, shorter than the internodes, keeled with tubercles or glands on the keel and also on some of the smaller nerves on the sides, and bearded with long white hairs externally at the mouth. The nodes are glabrous purple, shining and with a glandular ring below. The ligule is a ridge of long hairs.

The leaf-blade is linear-lanceolate or linear, tapering to a fine point, glabrous, flaccid, margins finely serrulate and glandular, base rounded, varying in length from 1/2 to 10 inches and in breadth 3/16 to 7/16 inch; the midrib is prominent and with a row of glands beneath and there are 3 to 5 lateral nerves on each side of the mid-nerve.



The panicle is ovate or ovate-oblong, on a short, smooth peduncle, usually open and stiff; branches are usually many, sub-solitary or fascicled, spreading or suberect, capillary, stiff, again branching from near the base and about 3 inches long; rachis is angular, with glands and tufts of sparse white hairs at the angles of branches and branchlets.

Spikelets are linear to ovate-oblong, compressed, pale or green, sometimes purple tinged at the base, few to 40-flowered and occasionally up to 70-flowers, 1/8 to 1 inch.

The empty glumes are subequal or the first is a little shorter, ovate, acute, membranous, keeled, and sometimes the keels with glands; the first glume is usually one-nerved (rarely obscurely one- to three-nerved) and the second glume is three-nerved.

The flowering glumes are broadly ovate, oblique, obtuse, sometimes with a minute mucro, sub-chartaceous, punctulate, strongly three-nerved, paleate, about 1/12 inch long; palea is shorter than the glume, curved, obovate-oblong, keels ciliolate and persistent. Stamens are three with very small pale yellow anthers. Stigmas are two and white. Lodicules are very small. Grain is globose reddish brown, minutely and obscurely lineolate.

This grass is a very common weed occurring in cultivated dry fields all over this Presidency.

Distribution.—Throughout India and Ceylon in the plains and low hills. Occurs also in tropical and sub-tropical parts of Asia and Africa.



Eragrostis Willdenoviana, Nees.

This is a tufted annual. Stems are leafy at the base, erect or geniculately ascending, slender but rigid, varying in length from 4 to 18 inches.

The leaf-sheath is smooth, cylindric, glabrous, outer margin ciliate; tufts of long hairs are present at the sides of the margin of the sheath, just outside close to the hyaline patch. The ligule is a fringe of short white hairs. The nodes are greenish or with a tinge of purple, glabrous and with a glandular ring below.

The leaf-blade is lanceolate-linear, pointed, flat, rigid, the margin is very minutely serrulate, glandular and occasionally also with fine long hairs; the upper surface is somewhat rough, the lower smooth and both with fine long scattered hairs or glabrous.



The inflorescence is a stiff open panicle, ovate to oblong, 2 to 4-1/2 inches long on a slender, terete, glabrous peduncle; the main rachis is angular, slender with glandular scars, a little below the attachment of the branches; the branches are capillary, grooved stiff and spreading with small glandular scars just above the node. The spikelets are elliptic-oblong to linear, 1/8 to 3/4 inch by about 1/20 inch, greenish or tinged with purple, few to about 25 (or sometimes even up to 42) glumed, pedicellate; pedicel is capillary, grooved and angular, with a glandular ring about the middle, spreading sometimes at right angles, rachilla is persistent.

Empty glumes are unequal. The first glume is hyaline very small, nerveless or one-nerved, subacute or subobtuse; the second glume is much longer than the first glume, ovate-oblong subacute, keeled, membranous and one-nerved. Flowering glumes vary from about 12 to 30 and in some well grown plants as many as 42, broadly ovate, obtuse or subacute, rigidly membranous, three-nerved (one median and two marginal) glabrous, keeled and keels are scaberulous near the apex; palea is oblong linear, a little curved, persistent, a little smaller than the glume, two-keeled; there are three stamens with small purplish anthers and two small lodicules. The grain is oblong truncate at both ends, reddish brown, with a prominent groove on the dorsal side; embryo occupying nearly half the length of the grain.

This grass grows abundantly in somewhat rich soils all over the Presidency and cattle eat it. It grows quickly and bears a fair amount of foliage.

Distribution.—Madras Presidency in the plains; also occurs in Ceylon.

Eragrostis pilosa, Beauv.

This is a densely tufted annual grass. Stems are usually erect, slender and simple, flaccid, 3 inches to 3 feet.

The leaf-sheath is compressed, glabrous and bearded with long hairs close to the mouth. The ligule is a ridge of hairs.

The leaf-blade is short, narrow, finely acuminate, 1-1/2 to 4 inches.

The panicle is oblong to pyramidal, flaccid, open or contracted erect or inclined, 2 to 8 inches; rachis is hairy or glabrous; branches are very fine filiform or capillary, more or less whorled, lower six inches long; branchlets are still finer and capillary.



Spikelets are linear, grey tipped with purple, or often purplish, scattered, 1/8 to 1/5 by 1/30 to 1/20 inch, with pedicels shorter or longer than the spikelets. The empty glumes are hyaline, very unequal, nerveless or the second which is ovate-lanceolate and larger than the first faintly 1-nerved. The flowering glumes are ovate acute, paleate, 1/10 to 1/8 inch; palea is sub-persistent and keels of palea scaberulous. Stamens are three with small violet anthers. Grain is ellipsoid laterally pointed at the base.

This grass occurs in wet places or close to the margins of ponds, marshy situations all over the Presidency.

Distribution.—All over India and also in South Europe and most warm countries.

Eragrostis cynosuroides, Beauv.

This is a tall perennial grass freely branching from the base and with stout stolons covered with shining sheaths. The root-stock is stout and creeping. The stems are tufted, smooth, erect, with fascicles of leaves at the base 1 to 3 feet high.

The leaf-sheath is glabrous, slightly compressed, distinctly keeled, as broad or slightly broader than the blade at the mouth. Ligule is a line of short hairs.

The leaf-blade is linear, rigid, glabrous, acuminate with filiform tips, and finely serrulate margins, varying in length from 2 to 10 inches and the basal leaves sometimes reaching 20 inches.

The panicle is strict, erect, narrowly pyramidal, often interrupted, varying in length from 6 to 18 inches and breadth from 1/2 to 2 inches. Branches are many, short, crowded, densely clothed from the base with sessile, imbricating, much compressed deflexed spikelets.



The spikelets are secund, biseriate, shining, pale brown, 1/2 inch long, up to 30-flowered. The empty glumes are unequal, the second being the larger. The flowering glumes are coriaceous, ovate, acute as long as the second or slightly longer, paleate, palea is sub-coriaceous and shorter than the glume. Stamens are three. Grain is obliquely ovoid, laterally compressed.

This grass grows usually in moist sandy loams, sand dunes, and is very common on the Coromandel coast and in the Deccan Districts.

Distribution.—Throughout in the plains of India.

Eragrostis bifaria, Wight Ex Steud.

This is a densely tufted perennial grass. Stems are simple, erect, glabrous, somewhat compressed, 1 to 3 feet high, and the base clothed with the old remains of the leaf-sheaths.

The leaf-sheath is scaberulous, keeled. The ligule is a line of fine hairs.

The leaf-blade is wiry, narrow, linear, flexuous, rigid, acute, smooth, flat or complicate, keeled, 2 to 3 inches long and up to 1/6 inch wide.

The spikes are solitary, 10 to 12 inches long bearing spikelets unilaterally.



The spikelets are ovate or ovoid to oblong, much compressed, usually 15- to 20-flowered and up to 40 and then linear, 1/4 to 2/3 inch long, spreading, green or olive grey. The empty glumes are one-nerved and keeled. The first glume is longer than the second glume, very acute or acuminate. The second glume is smaller than the first, with stout rounded keel. The flowering glumes are as long or slightly shorter than the first glume, broadly ovate, sub-acuminate, with faint nerves and paleate; palea is shorter than its glume and with ciliate wings to the keel. Stamens are three. Grain is free.

This grass is very common in the plains in somewhat wet situations all over the Presidency.

Distribution.—Deccan Peninsula in India and also in Tropical Africa.



43. Oropetium, Trin.

A very small densely tufted erect annual. Leaves are filiform. The inflorescence is a simple slender curved spike. Spikelets are very minute, one-flowered, half immersed in the alternating distichous cavities of the rachis of the spike; rachilla is bearded. There are three glumes in the spikelet. The first glume is very minute, empty, hyaline and persistent. The second glume is linear-lanceolate, rigid, empty, persistent recurved when old, tip obtuse or emarginate. The third glume is shorter broader, hyaline, one-nerved, obtuse or truncate, palea is narrow with smooth keel. Lodicules are not found. Stamens are three. Grain is oblong terete and free.

Oropetium Thomaeum, Trin.

This is a very small densely tufted annual grass, never exceeding 3 inches in height and with compressed slender, tough stems.

The leaf-sheath is compressed, membranous, short and open. The ligule is an erect lacerate membrane.

The leaf-blade is filiform, shorter or longer than the stem, erect or curved, coriaceous with the margins sparsely ciliate with long strict hairs, 1/2 to 1 inch long.

The spikes are solitary or fascicled curved on very short branches 1 to 1-1/2 inches long; rachis is green, undulating, tetragonous, with a broad central nerve on the flat faces.



The spikelets are very small, one-flowered, half immersed in the alternating distichous cavities of the rachis. There are three glumes in the spikelet. The first glume is very minute, hyaline and sunk in the hollow of the rachis. The second glume is the longest, linear-lanceolate, rigid, tip obtuse or emarginate, slightly convex with a broad thickened centre and recurved in fruit. The third glume is shorter than the second, hyaline, broader obtuse, semi-circular in profile, excessively membranous, with the callus bearded and paleate; palea is smaller than the glume. There are three stamens. Grain is oblong, terete, free.

This small grass is very common all over the Presidency in the plains in moist places.

Distribution.—Plains of India, Burma and Ceylon.



GLOSSARY.

A

Acuminate applied to the apex of a leaf having a gradually diminishing point, 49.

Acute applied to the apex of a leaf distinctly and sharply pointed but not drawn out, 53.

Adventitious roots which do not arise from the radicle or its roots subdivisions, but from parts other than these, 7.

Aleurone layer a special peripheral layer in the grain of grasses, consisting of cells filled with proteid granules, 18.

Amplexicaul applied to the base of the leaf when it embraces the stem, 12.

Apiculate said of the apex when it has a sharp, short point.

Appressed lying flat for the whole length of the part or organ, 59.

Articulate jointed, 45.

Auricle outgrowth at the sides close to the ligular region, 11.

Awned having an awn, that is, a bristle-like appendage, especially on the glumes of grasses.

B

Bifarious disposed in two rows or ranks on the two sides, 49.

Binate in pairs, 53.

Blade the expanded portion of a leaf, 2, 10.

Bristles stiff hairs, 45.

Bulbous based having an inflated base, 66.

Bulliform cells thin walled cells occurring, at intervals, on the epidermis of some grasses, 35.

Bundle sheath sclerenchymatous cells or fibres found round the vascular bundles of the monocotyledonous type, such as those of grasses, 20.

C

Callus the projecting part or an extension of the flowering glume below its point of insertion, 168.

Caryopsis a one-celled, one-seeded, superior fruit in which the pericarp has fused with the seed-coat.

Chartaceous papery, i.e., thin and somewhat rough, 47.

Ciliate fringed with hairs, 54.

Ciliolate very sparsely fringed with hairs, 70.

Clavate club-shaped, 104.

Clavellate thickened towards the apex, 252.

Coleorhiza the sheath of a monocotyledonous embryo which is pierced by the radicle during germination, 18.

Collar the white or colourless band at the base of the blade of a grass leaf just where it joins the sheath, 3.

Conduplicate folded together lengthwise, 12.

Convolute rolled round from one margin to the other, so that one margin is inside and the other outside, 12.

Coriaceous leathery, 49.

Corymbosely arranged in corymbs, i.e., flat-topped flower clusters, 56.

Crinite bearded with weak, long hairs, 137.

Crisped curled, 59.

Cuneate wedge-shaped or triangular, 49.

Cuspidate tipped with a small triangular piece at the apex, 70.

D

Decumbent reclining but with the upper part ascending, 80.

Digitate lingered, arranged at the end of the stalk, 51.

Dioecious having the sexes separated on two distinct individuals, 45.

Distichous two-ranked or two-rowed, 19.

E

Embryo young plant contained in the seed, 18.

Endodermis the innermost layer of the cortex abutting on and forming a sheathing layer round the stele, 32.

Exodermis the layer or layers of thickened cells beneath the piliferous layer of roots, 32.

Extra vaginal applied to shoots or branches that come out piercing the leaf sheath in grasses, 9.

F

Fascicle a cluster or bundle, 95.

Filiform thread shaped, slender and thin, 54.

Flexuous bent alternately in opposite directions, 62.

Foveolate marked with small pits, 180.

G

Geniculately bent abruptly so as to resemble a knee-joint, 118.

Geminate in pairs, 59.

Germ-sheath a sheath enclosing the bud or the plumule in a grain, 18.

Gibbous convex or rounded, 77.

Glabrescent slightly hairy but becoming glabrous, 89.

Glabrous quite smooth without hairs, 89.

Glaucous covered with a bloom, 160.

Glume the chaffy two-ranked members found in the inflorescence of grasses. H

Hirsute covered with fairly long distinct hairs, 90.

Hyaline colourless or translucent, 51.

I

Imbricate overlapping, 49.

Internode portion of a stem between two nodes, 2.

Intravaginal growing out from inside the sheath.

Involucel a ring of bracts surrounding several spikelets, 120.

K

Keeled having a ridge along the length, 59.

L

Lemma the flowering glume of a grass, 15.

Ligule the thin, scarious projection found at the top of the leaf sheath where it joins the blade in grasses, 3.

Lodicule a small scale outside the stamens in the flower of grasses.

M

Membranous thin and semi-transparent, 51.

Monoecious stamens and pistils on separate flowers, but on the same individual, 144.

Motor cells large thin-walled cells occurring in the epidermis of the leaves of some grasses, 35.

Mucronate possessing a short and a straight point, 70.

N

Node the part of the stem which has a leaf, or the knot in the grass stem, 2.

P

Palea the inner glume in the spikelet of grasses, 4.

Pectinate pinnatifid with narrow segments which are set close like the teeth of a comb, 162.

Pericycle the outermost zone of cells of the stele immediately within the endodermis, 32.

Phloem the portion of the vascular bundle towards the cortex, 19.

Pileole another name for germ-sheath, or the sheath covering the plumule in the grain, 18.

Piliferous bearing hairs, 31.

Pistil the female organ of a flower, consisting of the ovary, style and stigma, 16.

Plumose feathered, 51.

Prophyllum the first scale-like leaf of a branch found where it joins the main stem, 10.

Protandry anthers ripening before the pistil in the same flower, (proterandry). 16.

Protogyny pistil ripening before the anthers in the same flower, (proterogyny). 16.

Puberulous slightly hairy, 62.

Pubescent clothed with soft hair, 62.

Punctate marked with dots, pits or glands, 63.

Pungent ending in a rigid and sharp point, 59.

R

Raceme a centrifugal or indeterminate inflorescence with stalked flowers, 13.

Rachilla a secondary axis in the inflorescence of the grasses, the axis of the spikelet, 13.

Rachis axis of an inflorescence, 13.

Retuse with a shallow notch at the apex, 67.

Rhizome root-stock or under ground stem prostrate on the ground, 5.

Rugulose somewhat wrinkled, 90.

S

Scaberulous slightly rough due to the presence of short hairs, 69.

Scabrid somewhat rough, 75.

Scale a reduced leaf, 10.

Sclerenchyma elongated cells with pointed ends and much thickened cell-wall.

Scutellum the single cotyledon found in connexion with the embryo in grass grains, 18.

Secund directed to one side only, 47.

Serrate beset with small teeth on the margin, 83.

Setose beset with bristles, 102.

Sheath the tubular lower part of a leaf in grasses, 2.

Spathaceous having a large bract enclosing a flower cluster, 104.

Spiciform spike-like, 13.

Spike an inflorescence with sessile flowers on an elongated axis, the older flowers being lower down and the younger towards the top, 13.

Squarrose rough with outstanding processes, 120.

Stipe a short stalk of a gynaecium, 90.

Stipitate having a short stalk, 62.

Stolon any basal branch which is disposed to root, 5.

Striolate marked with very fine longitudinal parallel lines, 49.

Sub-coriaceous somewhat leathery, 47.

Subulate finely pointed, 121.

T

Triquetrous three-sided or edged, 47.

Truncate as if cut off at the end, 60.

Tumid swollen, 66.

Turbinate cone-shaped or top shaped, 120.

X

Xylem the wood elements of the vascular bundle lying next to the phloem, 19.



INDEX

(Small i denotes Figure Numbers.)

A

Aerial roots, 6, 8i, 9i

Agrostideae, 44, 220

Aleurone layer, 18

Andropogoneae, 44, 138

Andropogon, 15, 182 inflorescence, 13 annulatus, 204, 160i, 161i asper, 195, 155i, 156i caricosus, 201, 159i section of stem, 26, 33i, 34i contortus, 5, 207, 162i, 163i ligule, 13i foveolatus, 185, 148i, 149i monticola, 199, 158i pertusus, 5, 191, 152i, 153i pumilus, 188, 150i, 151i Schoenanthus var. caesius, 209, 164i Schoenanthus, ligule, 13i Sorghum, 6, 67, 8i section of grain, 20i, 21i Sorghum, section of root, 32, 45i, 46i, 47i squarrosus, 193, 154i Wightianus, 197, 157i

Anthistiria, 211 tremula, 212, 165i

Apludeae, 139

Apluda, 170 varia, 171, 142i, 143i

Apocopis, 164 Wightii, 166, 139i, 140i

Aristida, 221 Adscenscionis, 223, 171i, 172i funiculata, 229, 177i Hystrix, 226, 174i lodicules, 15 mutabilis, 228, 175i, 176i setacea, 225, 173i leaf structure, 36, 37, 38, 39, 54i, 55i

Arundo Donax, 9, 10i

Auricles, 11, 13i

Axonopus, 46, 106 cimicinus, 108, 107i, 108i

B

Bamboo, 11

Bearded node, 9, 11i

Blade of leaf, 10

Bristles, 45

Bundle sheath, 20, 21

C

Cambium, 19

Caryopsis, 17

Cenchrus, 46, 120 biflorus, 121, 117i catharticus, 122, 118i

Chamaeraphis, 46, 101 spinescens, 102, 104i

Chlorideae, 44, 220

Chloris, 15, 257 barbata, 264, 199i, 200i, 201i leaf-folding, 12, 16i rachilla, 16 Bournei, 267, 202i, 203i incompleta, 258, 196i lodicules, 15 montana, 270, 204i, 205i tenella, 259, 197i virgata, 260, 198i

Closed vascular bundle, 19

Chlorophyllous layer, 33

Coix, 45, 140 Lachryma-Jobi, 141, 126i unisexual spikelets, 15

Coleorhiza, 18

Collar, 3, 12

Commelina, 14

Conduplicate, 12, 16i

Convolute, 12, 16i

Cynodon, 248 Barberi, 255, 194i, 195i dactylon, 9, 250, 190i, 191i intermedius, 252, 192i, 193i rachilla, 16

D

Diaphragm, 31

Digitaria, 15, 45, 51 longiflora, 59, 76i, 77i sanguinalis, rachis, 13 sanguinalis var. ciliaris, 51, 53, 71i, 72i sanguinalis var. extensum, 56, 74i, 75i sanguinalis var. Griffithii, 54, 73i

Dinebra, 277 arabica, 279, 210i, 211i rachilla, 16 spikelet, 14, 17i

E

Eleusine, 272 aegyptiaca, 5i, 276, 208i, 209i leaf folding, 12, 16i brevifolia, 274, 207i indica, 273, 206i

Embryo, 18

Endodermis, 32

Enteropogon, 246 melicoides, 247, 189i inflorescence, 13

Epidermis, 21 of leaf, 34, 49i, 50i

Eragrostis, 292 amabilis, 295, 218i bifaria, 307, 227i cynosuroides, 306, 226i interrupta var. Koenigii, 294, 217i Tr. section of stem, 27, 36i major, 12, 300, 221i, 222i pilosa, 305, 225i tremula, 297, 219i, 220i panicle, 13 Willdenoviana, 303, 223i, 224i leaf margin, 12 leaf structure, 37, 39, 56i, 57i panicle, 13, 14

Eremochloa, 162 muricata, 163, 138i

Eriochloa, 15, 45, 60 polystachya, 62, 78i, 79i structure of leaf, 35, 51i Tr. section of stem, 22, 27i, 28i

Euandropogoneae, 139

Exodermis, 32, 46i

Extravaginal branch or shoot, 9, 10i

F

Festucaceae, 44, 283

Fibro-vascular bundle, 20

Floral diagram, 16, 19i

G

Germ sheath, 18

Glabrous node, 9, 11i

Glumes, 4, 14

Grain, 17

Gracilea, 243 nutans, 244, 187i Royleana, 245, 188i

Ground tissue, 21

H

Hackel, 16

Heteropogon contortus, 207, 163i

Hordeae 44, 283

Hygrorhiza, 123, 126 aristata, 127, 120i stamens, 15

I

Imperata, 146 arundinacea, 147, 128i

Internodes, 2, 21

Intravaginal branches, 8

Ischaemeae, 138

Ischaemum, 11, 150 aristatum, 151, 130i, 131i ciliare, 159, 9i, 135i, 136i laxum, 160, 137i pilosum, 6, 156, 133i, 134i rugosum, 153, 132i

Iseilema, 214 anthephoroides, 219, 169i, 170i laxum, 216, 166i, 167i, 168i

L

Lanceolate, 11, 14i

Leaf, 9

Leaf-blade, 2, 3

Leaf-sheath, 2, 3

Leaves, forms of, 11, 14i margins, 12, 15i

Leersia, 123, 124 hexandra, 125, 119i stamens, 15

Lemma, 15

Leptochloa, 281 chinensis, 282, 212i

Ligule, 3

Linear, 11, 14i

Linear-lanceolate, 11, 14i

Lodicules, 4, 15, 4i

Lophopogon, 167 tridentatus, 168, 141i

M

Manisuris, 179 granularis, 180, 147i rachis, 14

Maydeae, 138

Mnesithea, 177 laevis, 178, 146i

Motor-cells, 35, 51i, 52i, 55i, 57i, 67i, 68i

N

Nodes, 2, 9, 11i bearded, 11i

O

Ochlandra, 15

Open vascular bundles, 19

Oropetium, 308

Oropetium Thomaeum, 309, 228i

Oryza, 19i sativa, 10, 11, 13i

Oryzeae, 43, 123

P

Palea, 4, 14

Panicaceae, 43, 45

Paniceae, 43

Panicle, 13, 14

Panicum, 15, 16, 45, 46, 64

Panicum colonum, 11, 28, 30, 80, 89i, 90i leaf-apex, 12 leaf-structure, 37, 38, 40, 58i, 64i section of stem, 28, 29 crus-galli, 28, 29, 30, 75, 78, 6i, 40i, 86i, 87i distachyum, 92, 97i, 98i flavidum, 28, 30, 69, 82i, 83i T. section of stem, 37i, 38i leaf-structure, 38, 39, 40, 66i, 67i fluitans, 28, 31, 72, 84i, 85i section of stem, 30, 42i, 43i leaf-structure, 38, 39, 40, 59i, 65i interruptum, 95, 99i, 100i isachne, 66, 80i, 81i leaf epidermis, 39, 62i, 63i section of stem, 27, 35i javanicum, 1, 5, 86, 1i, 7i, 93i, 94i epidermis of leaf, 34, 49i, 50i inflorescence, 3, 13, 3i leaf sheath, 3, 2i structure, 33, 48i ligule, 13i spikelets, 3, 4, 4i prostratum, 83, 91i, 92i punctatum, 73 ramosum, 89, 95i, 96i section of stem, 25, 31i, 32i repens, 99, 102i, 103i extravaginal shoots, 9, 10i structure of leaf margins, 35, 53i structure of leaf, 35, 39, 52i stagninum, 28, 77, 88i section of stem, 28, 41i tenellum, 97 trypheron, 96, 101i

Pappophorum, 288 elegans, 290, 215i, 216i

Parenchymatous cells, 20

Paspalum, 15, 45, 47 scrobiculatum, 49, 69i, 70i inflorescence, 13 rachis, 13

Pennisetum, 46, 114 Alopecuros, 6, 116, 113i, 114i inflorescence, 13

Pennisetum cenchroides, 6, 118, 115i, 116i rachis, 13 section of root, 31, 44i root, 32 section of stem, 22, 25i, 26i section of vascular bundle, 19, 20, 22i, 23i typhoideum, 6

Pericycle, 32, 47i

Perotis, 123, 135 latifolia, 137, 124i, 125i

Phloem, 19, 20

Pileole, 18

Piliferous layer, 31, 44i

Piper. Piper

Pistil, 16

Pitted vessels, 20

Plumule, 18

Poaceae, 43, 220

Polytoca, 45, 143 barbata, 144, 127i unisexual spikelets, 15

Pommereulla, 284 Cornucopiae, 286, 213i, 214i

Primary axis, 18

Prophyllum, 10, 12i

Protandry, 16

Protogyny, 16

R

Raceme, 13

Rachilla, 14, 16

Rachis, 3, 13

Radicle, 18

Rhizome, 9

Root-hairs, 31, 44i

Root-system, 6

Rottboellia, 14, 139, 173 exaltata, 175, 145i section of stem, 20, 21, 24i Myurus, 174, 144i

Rottboellieae, 139

S

Sacchareae, 138

Saccharum, 138, 148 spontaneum, 149, 129i

Scales, 10

Sclerenchyma, 21

Scutellum, 18

Setaria, 45, 46, 109 glauca, 110, 109i inflorescence, 13 section of stem, 23, 24, 29i, 30i intermedia, 111, 110i verticillata, 113, 111i, 112i

Sheath of leaf, 10

Shoot-system, 7

Spiciform panicle, 13 raceme, 13

Spike, 13

Spikelet, 3, 13, 14

Spinifex, 45, 46, 103 squarrosus, 104, 105i, 106i leaf structure, 38, 60i, 61i unisexual spikelets, 15

Sporobolus, 230 commutatus, 238, 183i, 184i coromandelianus, 235, 181i, 182i panicle, 13, 14 diander, 231, 178i scabrifolius, 241, 185i, 186i tremulus, 233, 179i, 180i

Stamens, 15

Stele, 32

Stellate cells, 28, 31

Structure of leaf, 32 of root, 31

Sympodia, 9

T

Trachys, 123, 128 mucronata, 129, 121i

Tragus, 123, 131 racemosus, 5, 133, 122i, 123i

V

Vascular bundle, 19 closed, 19 open, 19

Vascular bundle, longitudinal section, 20, 23i transverse section, 19, 22i

Vetiveria zizanioides, 193, 154i

X

Xylem, 19, 20

Z

Zea Mays, 6

Zoysieae, 43, 123



Transcriber's Notes:

Fig. 46.—Transverse section of the cortica portion Changed cortica to cortical.

Fig. 48. ... Ep. c. An ordinary epidermal cell; st. stomata; sc. sclerenchyma; ph. phloen; Changed phloen to phloem.

Fig. 51.—A portion of the transverse section of the leaf of Eriochloa polystachy Changed polystachy to polystachya.

Page 138: in Imperata or they may be different as in Isachaemum and Changed to Ischaemum to match other occurrences.

Page 193: (Vetiveria zizanioides.) Changed Veteveria to Vetiveria to match other occurrences.

Page 211: spikelets are smaller than the involucrant spikelets, linear-oblong, 'involucrant' may be equivalent to 'involucral'. Unchanged.

Page 288: 41. Pappophorum, Nees. Changed from Pap pophorum to Pappophorum to match other occurrences.

Page 301: with a minute mucro, sub-chartaceous, puncticulate, strongly Changed puncticulate to punctulate.

Index: Changed asterisks to small i's to denote illustration numbers.

THE END