Having left the bay, at four in the morning of the 19th, I steered for the west end of St George's Island. As soon as we had passed it, I steered E. 1/2 S. for the Island of Tercera; and after having run thirteen leagues, we were not more than one league from the west end. I now edged away for the north side, with a view of ranging the coast to the eastern point, in order to ascertain the length of the island; but the weather coming on very thick and hazy, and night approaching, I gave up the design, and proceeded with all expedition for England.

On the 29th, we made the land near Plymouth. The next morning we anchored at Spithead; and the same day I landed at Portsmouth, and set out for London, in company with Messrs Wales, Forsters, and Hodges.

Having been absent from England three years and eighteen days, in which time, and under all changes of climate, I lost but four men, and only one of them by sickness, it may not be amiss, at the conclusion of this journal, to enumerate the several causes to which, under the care of Providence, I conceive this uncommon good state of health, experienced by my people, was owing.

In the Introduction, mention has been made of the extraordinary attention paid by the Admiralty in causing such articles to be put on board, as either from experience or suggestion it was judged would tend to preserve the health of the seamen. I shall not trespass upon the reader's time in mentioning them all, but confine myself to such as were found the most useful.

We were furnished with a quantity of malt, of which was made Sweet Wort. To such of the men as shewed the least symptoms of the scurvy, and also to such as were thought to be threatened with that disorder, this was given, from, one to two or three pints a-day each man; or in such proportion as the surgeon found necessary, which sometimes amounted to three quarts. This is, without doubt, one of the best anti-scorbutic sea-medicines yet discovered; and, if used in time, will, with proper attention to other things, I am persuaded, prevent the scurvy from making any great progress for a considerable while. But I am not altogether of opinion that it will cure it at sea.

Sour Krout, of which we had a large quantity, is not only a wholesome vegetable food, but, in my judgment, highly antiscorbutic; and it spoils not by keeping. A pound of this was served to each man, when at sea, twice-a-week, or oftener, as was thought necessary.

Portable Broth was another great article, of which we had a large supply. An ounce of this to each man, or such other proportion as circumstances pointed out, was boiled in their pease, three days in the week; and when we were in places where vegetables were to be got, it was boiled with them, and wheat or oatmeal, every morning for breakfast; and also with pease and vegetables for dinner. It enabled us to make several nourishing and wholesome messes, and was the means of making the people eat a greater quantity of vegetables than they would otherwise have done.

Rob of Lemon and Orange is an antiscorbutic we were not without. The surgeon made use of it in many cases with great success.

Amongst the articles of victualling, we were supplied with Sugar in the room of Oil, and with Wheat for a part of our Oatmeal; and were certainly gainers by the exchange. Sugar, I apprehend, is a very good antiscorbutic; whereas oil (such as the navy is usually supplied with), I am of opinion, has the contrary effect.

But the introduction of the most salutary articles, either as provisions or medicines, will generally prove unsuccessful, unless supported by certain regulations. On this principle, many years experience, together with some hints I had from Sir Hugh Palliser, Captains Campbell, Wallis, and other intelligent officers, enabled me to lay a plan, whereby all was to be governed.

The crew were at three watches, except upon some extraordinary occasions. By this means they were not so much exposed to the weather as if they had been at watch and watch; and had generally dry clothes to shift themselves, when they happened to get wet. Care was also taken to expose them as little to wet weather as possible.

Proper methods were used to keep their persons, hammocks, bedding, cloaths, &c. constantly clean and dry. Equal care was taken to keep the ship clean and dry betwixt decks. Once or twice a week she was aired with fires; and when this could not be done, she was smoked with gun-powder, mixed with vinegar or water. I had also, frequently, a fire made in an iron pot, at the bottom of the well, which was of great use in purifying the air in the lower parts of the ship. To this, and to cleanliness, as well in the ship as amongst the people, too great attention cannot be paid; the least neglect occasions a putrid and disagreeable smell below, which nothing but fires will remove.

Proper attention was paid to the ship's coppers, so that they were kept constantly clean.

The fat which boiled out of the salt beef and pork, I never suffered to be given to the people; being of opinion that it promotes the scurvy.

I was careful to take in water wherever it was to be got, even though we did not want it, because I look upon fresh water from the shore to be more wholesome than that which has been kept some time on board a ship. Of this essential article we were never at an allowance, but had always plenty for every necessary purpose. Navigators in general cannot, indeed, expect, nor would they wish to meet with such advantages in this respect, as fell to my lot. The nature of our voyage carried us into very high latitudes. But the hardships and dangers inseparable from that situation, were in some degree compensated by the singular felicity we enjoyed, of extracting inexhaustible supplies of fresh water from an ocean strewed with ice.

We came to few places, where either the art of man, or the bounty of nature, had not provided some sort of refreshment or other, either in the animal or vegetable way. It was my first care to procure whatever of any kind could be met with, by every means in my power; and to oblige our people to make use thereof, both by my example and authority; but the benefits arising from refreshments of any kind soon became so obvious, that I had little occasion, to recommend the one, or to exert the other.

It doth not become me to say how far the principal objects of our voyage have been obtained. Though it hath not abounded with remarkable events, nor been diversified by sudden transitions of fortune; though my relation of it has been more employed in tracing our course by sea, than in recording our operations on shore; this, perhaps, is a circumstance from which the curious reader may infer, that the purposes for which we were sent into the Southern Hemisphere, were diligently and effectually pursued. Had we found out a continent there, we might have been better enabled to gratify curiosity; but we hope our not having found it, after all our persevering researches, will leave less room for future speculation about unknown worlds remaining to be explored.

But, whatever may be the public judgment about other matters, it is with real satisfaction, and without claiming any merit but that of attention to my duty, that I can conclude this account with an observation, which facts enable me to make; that our having discovered the possibility of preserving health amongst a numerous ship's company, for such a length of time, in such varieties of climate, and amidst such continued hardships and fatigues, will make this voyage remarkable in the opinion of every benevolent person, when the disputes about a Southern Continent shall have ceased to engage the attention, and to divide the judgment of philosophers.[20]

[Footnote 20: We cannot better express the importance of the preservative measures adopted during this voyage, and therefore the value of the voyage itself, than by quoting a passage from Sir John Pringle's discourse on assigning to Captain Cook the Royal Society's Copleyan medal, a distinguished honour conferred on him, though absent on his last expedition, shortly after having been elected a member of that illustrious body. "I would enquire of the most conversant in the study of bills of mortality, whether, in the most healthful climate, and in the best condition of life, they have ever found so small a number of deaths, within the same space of time? How great and agreeable then must our surprise be, after perusing the histories of long navigations in former days, when so many perished by marine diseases, to find the air of the sea acquitted of all malignity, and, in fine, that a voyage round the world may be undertaken with less danger, perhaps, to health, than a common tour in Europe!"—"If Rome," he says in conclusion, "decreed the civic crown to him who saved the life of a single citizen, what wreaths are due to that man, who, having himself saved many, perpetuates in your Transactions, (alluding to Captain Cook's paper on the subject), the means by which Britain may now, on the most distant voyages, preserve numbers of her intrepid sons, her mariners; who, braving every danger, have so liberally contributed to the fame, to the opulence, and to the maritime empire, of their country?"—An acknowledgement so judicious finds a response in every breast that knows how to estimate the value of human life and happiness, and will not fail to secure to the name of Cook, the grateful applause of every succeeding generation.—E.]



A

VOCABULARY

OF THE

LANGUAGE OF THE SOCIETY ISLES.

* * * * *

DIRECTIONS

For the Pronunciation of the Vocabulary.

As all nations who are acquainted with the method of communicating their ideas by characters, (which represent the sound that conveys the idea,) have some particular method of managing, or pronouncing, the sounds represented by such characters, this forms a very essential article in the constitution of the language of any particular nation, and must, therefore, be understood before we can make any progress in learning, or be able to converse in it. But as this is very complex and tedious to a beginner, by reason of the great variety of powers the characters, or letters, are endued with under different circumstances, it would seem necessary, at least in languages which have never before appeared in writing, to lessen the number of these varieties, by restraining the different sounds, and always representing the same simple ones by the same character; and this is no less necessary in the English than any other language, as this variety of powers is very frequent, and without being taken notice of in the following Vocabulary, might render it entirely unintelligible. As the vowels are the regulations of all sounds, it is these only that need be noticed, and the powers allotted to each of these in the Vocabulary is subjoined.

A in the English language is used to represent two different simple sounds, as in the word Arabia, where the first and last have a different power from the second. In the Vocabulary this letter must always have the power, or be pronounced like the first and last in Arabia. The other power, or sound, of the second a, is always represented in the Vocabulary by a and i, printed in Italics thus, ai.

E has likewise two powers, or it is used to represent two simple sounds, as in the words Eloquence, Bred, Led, &c. and it may be said to have a third power, as in the words Then, When, &c. In the first case, this letter is only used at the beginning of words, and wherever it is met with in any other place in the words of the Vocabulary, it is used as in the second case: But never as in the third example; for this power, or sound, is every where expressed by the a and i before-mentioned, printed in Italics.

I is used to express different simple sounds, as in the words Indolence, Iron, and Imitation. In the Vocabulary it is never used as in the first case, but in the middle of words; it is never used as in the second example, for that sound is always represented by y, nor is it used as in the last case, that sound being always represented by two e's, printed in Italics in this manner, ee.

O never alters in the pronunciation, i.e. in this Vocabulary, of a simple sound, but is often used in this manner, oo, and sounds as in Good, Stood, &c.

U alters, or is used to express different simple sounds, as in Unity, or Umbrage. Here the letters e and u, printed in Italics eu are used to express its power as in the first example, and it always retains the second power, wherever it is met with.

Y is used to express different sounds, as in My, By, &c. &c. and in Daily, Fairly, &c. Wherever it is met with in the middle, or end, (i.e. anywhere but at the beginning,) of a word, it is to be used as in the first example; but is never to be found as in the second, for that sound, or power, is always represented by the Italic letter e. It has also a third power, as in the words Yes, Yell, &c., which is retained every where in the Vocabulary, at least in the beginning of words, or when it goes before another vowel, unless directed to be sounded separately by a mark over it, as thus, y a.

Unless in a few instances, these powers of the vowels are used throughout the Vocabulary; but, to make the pronunciation still less liable to change, or variation, a few marks are added to the words, as follows:—

This mark " as oea, means that these letters are to be expressed singly.

The letters in Italic, as ee, or oo, make but one simple sound.

When a particular stress is laid on any part of a word in the pronunciation, an accent is placed over that letter where it begins, or rather between that and the preceding one.

It often happens that a word is compounded as it were of two, or in some cases the same word, or syllable, is repeated. In these circumstances, a comma is placed under them at this division, where a rest, or small space, of time is left before you proceed to pronounce the other part, but it must not be imagined that this is a full stop.

Examples in all these Cases.

Roea, Great, long, distant. E'reema, Five. Ry'poeea, Fog, or mist. E'hoora, To invert, or turn upside down. Paroo, roo, A partition, division, or screen.

A VOCABULARY, &c.

A. To abide, or remain Ete'ei. An Abode, or place of residence, Noho'ra. Above, not below, Neea, s. Tie'neea. An Abscess, Fe'fe. Action, opposed to rest, Ta'eree.

Adhesive, of an adhesive or sticking quality Oo'peere.

Adjoining, or contiguous to, E'peeiho.

Admiration, an interjection of, A'wai, s. A'wai to Peereeai.

An adulterer, Teeho teeho, s. Teeho or one that vexes a married woman ta-rar

To agitate, or shake a thing, as water, &c. Eooa'wai.

Aliment, or food of any kind, Maea. Alive, that is not dead, Waura. All, the whole, not a part, A'maoo. Alone, by one's self, Ota'hoi.

Anger, or to be angry, Warradee, s. Reedee.

To angle, or fish, E'hootee. The Ankle, Momoa. The inner Ankle, A'tooa,ewy. Answer, an answer to a question, Oo'maia. Approbation, or consent, Madooho'why. Punctuated Arches on the hips, E'var're. The Arm, Reema. The Armpit, E'e. An arrow, E'oome. Arrow, the body of an arrow or reed, O'wha. The point of an Arrow, To'ai, s. O'moea. Ashamed, to be ashamed or confused, Ama, s. He'ama. Ashore, or on shore, Te Euta. To ask for a thing, Ho'my, s. Ha'py my. Asperity, roughness, Tarra, tarra.

An Assassin,murderer, or rather man-killer, soldier, Taata,Toea. or warrior,

An Assembly, or meeting, Eteou'rooa. Atherina, A'naiheu.

Avaricious, parsimonious, ungenerous, Pee'peere. Averse, unwillingness to do a thing, Fata, hoito' hoito. Authentic,true, Parou, mou. Awake, not asleep, Arra arra, s. E'ra. Awry,or to one side; as a wry neck, Na'na. An Axe, hatchet, or adze, Toee. Ay, yes; an affirmation, Ai.

B.

A Babe, _or child_, Mydidde. A Batchelor, _or unmarried person_, E'ev_ee_ (taata.) The_ Back, T_oo_a_. To wipe the_ Backside, Fy'r_oo_,too'ty. Bad, _it is not good_, 'Ee'no. A Bag _of straw_, Ete'oee, s.Eaete. Bait, _for fish_, Era'_eu_noo. Baked _in the oven_, Et_oo_n_oo_. Bald-headed, O_o_po'b_oo_ta. Bamboo, E_e_n_ee'ou_. A Bank, _or shoal_, E'paa.

Bare, naked, applied to a person that is undressed, Ta'turra.

The Bark of a tree, Ho'hore. Barren land, Fe'nooa Ma'oure. A large round Basket of twig, He'na. A small Basket of cocoa leaves, Vai'hee. A long Basket of cocoa leaves, Apo'aira. A Basket of plantain stock, Papa' Maieea. A fisher's Basket, Er're'vy. A round Basket of cocoa leaves, Mo'ene. A Bastard, Fanna Too'neea. Bastinado, to bastinade or flog a person, Tapra'hai. To bathe, Ob'oo. A Battle, or fight, E'motto. A Battle-axe, O'morre. To bawl, or cry aloud, Teimo'toro. A Bead, Poee. The Beard, Oome oome. To beat upon, or strike a thing, Too'py or Too'baee. To beat a drum, Eroo'koo. To beckon a person with the hand, Ta'rappe. A Bed, or bed-place, E'roee, s. Moei'a. To bedaub, or bespatter, Par'ry. A Bee, E'raeo. A Beetle, Peere'teee. Before, not behind, Te'moea.

A Beggar, a person that is troublesome, Tapa'roo. continually asking for some-what,

Behind, not before, Te'mooree. To belch, Eroo'y. Below, as below stairs, Tei'dirro, s. Teediraro. Below, underneath, far below, O'raro. To bend any thing, as a stick, &c. Fa'fe'fe. Benevolence, generosity, Ho'roea, e.g. you are a generous man, Taata ho roa oee. Between, in the middle, betwixit two, Fero'poo. To bewail, or lament by crying, E'tatee. Bigness, largeness, great, Ara'hay. A Bird, Manoo. A Bitch, Oore, e'ooha. To bite, as a dog, A ahoo. Black, colour, Ere, ere. Bladder, Toea meeme.

A_ Blasphemer, _a person who speaks_ T_oo_na, (t_aa_ta.) _disrespectfully of their deities_,

Blind, Matta-po.

A Blister, raised by a burn or other means, Mei'ee

Blood, Toto, s. Ehooei. To blow the nose, Fatte. The blowing, or breathing of a whale, Ta'hora. Blunt, as a blunt tool of any sort, Ma'neea. The carved Boards of a Maray, E'ra. A little Boat, or canoe, E'vaea. A Boil, Fe'fe. Boldness, Eaewou. A Bone, E'evee. A Bonetto, a fish so called, Peera'ra. To bore a hole, Ehoo'ee, s. Ehoo'o. A Bow, E'fanna. A Bow-string, Aroea'hooa. To bow with the head, Etoo'o. A young Boy, My'didde. Boy, a familiar way of speaking, He'amanee. The Brain of any animal, A booba. A Branch of a tree or plant, E'ama.

Bread-fruit, or the fruit of the bread-tree, Ooroo.

Bread-fruit, a particular sort of it, E'patea. An insipid paste of Bread-fruit, Eh'oee. The gum of the Bread-tree, Tappo'ooroo. The leaf of the Bread-tree, E'da'ooroo. The pith of the Bread-tree, Po'ooroo.

To break a thing, O whatte, s. Owhan ne, s. Fatte.

The Breast, O'ma

A Breast-plate made of twigs, ornamented with feathers, dog's hair, Taoome. and pearl-shell,

To breathe, Watte Weete wee te,'aho.

Bring, to ask one to bring a thing, Ho'my. Briskness, being brisk or quick, Tee teere. Broiled, or roasted, as broiled meat, Ooaweera. Broken, or cut, 'Motoo. The Brow, or forehead, E'ry. A brown colour, Auraura. Buds of a tree or plant, Te, arre haoo. A Bunch of any fruit, Eta. To burn a thing, Doeodooe. A Butterfly, Pepe.

C.

To call a person at a distance, Tooo too'ooo. A Calm, Maneeno.

A Calm, or rather to be so placed, that the wind has no access to you, Eou, shea.

Sugar Cane, Toe, Etoeo. A Cap, or covering for the head Tau'matta. To carry any thing, E'a'mo. To carry a person an the back, Eva'ha.

Catch a thing hastily with the hand, Po'poee, s. Peero. as a fly, &c.

To catch a ball, Ama'wheea. To catch fish with a line, E'hoote. A Caterpillar, E'tooa. Celerity, swiftness, Tee'teere, s. E'tirre. The Centre, or middle of a thing, Tera'poo. Chalk, Mamma'tea.

A Chatterer, or noisy impertinent Taata E'moo, fellow, s. E'moo.

Chearfulness, Wara. The Cheek, Pappareea. A Chest, 'Peeha. The Chest, or body, O'poo. To chew, or eat, E'y. Chequered, or painted in squares, Poore, poore. A Chicken, Moea pee'riaia.

A Chief, or principal person; one of Eaeree. the first rank among the people,

An inferior Chief, or one who is only in an independent state, Too'ou a gentleman,

Child-bearing, Fanou, e'vaho.

Children's language, Father, O'pucenoo, and Papa. Mother, E'wheiarre, & O'pa'tea. Brother, E'tama. Sister, Te'tooa.

The Chin, and lower jaw, E'taa.

Choaked, to be choaked as with Epoo'neina, victuals, &c. s. Eroo'y.

To chuse, or pick out, Eheee,te,me,my ty.

Circumcision, or rather an incision Eoore,te hai. of the foreskin,

A sort of Clappers,used at funerals, Par'haoo.

Clapping the bend of the arm smartly E'too. with the hand, so as to make a noise, an Indian custom,

The Claw of a bird, A'ee oo. Clay, or clammy earth, Ewhou,arra. Clean, not nasty, Oo'ma, s. Eoo'ee. Clear, pure; as clear water, &c. Tea'te. White clayey Cliffs, E'mammatea. Close, shut, Eva'hee. Cloth of any kind, or rather the covering Ahoo. or raiments made of it,

A piece of oblong Cloth, slit in the middle, through which the head is Teeboota. put, and it then hangs down behind and before,

Brown thin Cloth, Oo'erai. Dark-brown Cloth, Poo'heere. Nankeen-coloured Cloth, Aheere, s. Ooa. Gummed Cloth, Oo'air ara.

Heappa,heappa, s. Yellow Cloth, A'ade, poo ee ei, s. Oora poo'ee ei.

Cloth, a piece of thin white cloth Paroo'y, by which name wrapt round the waist, or thrown they also call a white over the shoulders, shirt.

A Cloth-beater, or an oblong square To'aa. piece of wood grooved, and used in making cloth,

The _Cloth-plant, _a sort of mulberry Ea_ou_te. tree_,

A Cloud, E'aeo, s. Eaoo. A Cock, Moea, e'toea. Cock, the cock claps his wings Te Moa Paee, paee. A Cock-roach, Potte potte. A Cocoa-nut, A'ree.

The fibrous husk of a Cocoa-nut, Pooroo'waha, s. Pooroo.

Cocoa-nut oil, E'rede,vaee. Cocoa leaves, E,ne'haoo. Coition, E'y. The sense of Cold, Ma'reede. A Comb, Pa'horo, s. Pa'herre. Company, acquaintance, gossips, Tee'ya. Compliance with a request, consent, Madoo,ho'why. Computation, or counting of numbers, Ta'tou.

A Concubine, Wa'heine Moeebo, s. Etoo'neea.

Confusedness, without order, E'vaheea. Consent, or approbation, Madoo,ho'why.

Contempt, a name of contempt given Waheine,poo'ha. to a maid, or unmarried woman,

Conversation, Paraou,maro, s. Para'paraou.

A sort of Convolvulus, or bird-weed, common in the islands, Ohooe.

Cook'd, dress'd; not raw, Ee'oo, s. Eee'wera. To Cool one with a fan, Taha'ree. Cordage of any kind, Taura. The Core of an apple, Boee.

A Cork, or stopper of a bottle or gourd shell, Ora'hooe.

A Corner, E'pecho.

Covering, the covering of a fish's gills, Peee'eya.

Covetousness, or rather one not inclined to give, Pee,peere.

A Cough, Ma're. To Court, woo a woman, Ta'raro. Coyness in a woman, No'noea. A Crab, Pappa.

Crab, a large land-crab that climbs the cocoa-nut trees for fruit, E'oowa.

A Crack, cleft, or fissure, Motoo. Crammed, lumbered, crowded, Ooa,peea'pe,s.Ehotto. The Cramp, Emo'too too. A Cray-fish, O'oora. To Creep on the hands and feet, Ene'ai. Crimson colour, Oora oora. Cripple, lame, Tei'tei. Crooked, not straight, Ooo'peeo. To crow as a cock, A'a ooa. The Crown of the head, Too'pooe. To cry, or shed tears, Taee.

A brown Cuckoo, with black bars and a long tail, frequent in the isles, Ara'werewa.

To cuff, or slap the chops, E'paroo.

Curlew, a small curlew or whimbrel found about the rivulets, Torea.

Cut, or divided, Motoo. To cut the hair with scissars, O'tee.

D.

A Dance, Heeva.

Darkness, Poee'ree, s. Pooo'ree

To Darn O'ono A Daughter, Ma'heine.

Day, or day-light, Mara'marama, s. A'ou, s. A'aou.

Day-break, Oota'taheita. Day, to-day, Aoo'nai. Dead, Matte roea. A natural Death, Matte noea. Deafness, Ta'reea, tooree. Decrepid, Epoo'tooa. Deep water, Mona'. A Denial, or refusal, Ehoo'noea. To desire, or wish for a thing, Eooee. A Devil, or evil spirit, E'tee. Dew, Ahe'aoo. A Diarrhoea, or looseness, Hawa, hawa.

To_ dip _meat in salt water instead of_ Eaw_ee_'wo _salt, (an Indian custom_,)

Dirt, or nastiness of any kind, E'repo. Disapprobation, Ehoonoea.

A Disease, where the head cannot be E'pee. held up, perhaps the palsy, To disengage, untie or loosen, Eaoo'wai. Dishonesty, Eee'a.

Displeased, to be displeased, vexed, or Taee'va. in the dumps,

Dissatisfaction, to grumble, or be Faoo'oue. dissatisfied,

Distant, far off, Roea.

_To_ distort, _or writhe the limbs, body, Faee'ta. lips, &c.

To distribute, divide or share out, Atoo'ha. A District, Matei na. A Ditch, Eoe'hoo. To dive under water, Eho'poo. A Dog, Oo'ree. A Doll made of cocoa-plants, Adoo'a. A Dolphin, A'ouna.

Done, have done; or that is enough, A'teera. or there is no more,

A Door, Oo'boota.

Double, or when two things are in Tau'rooa. one, as a double canoe,

Down, or soft hair, E'waou, To draw a bow, Etea.

To draw, or drag a thing by force, Era'ko. Dread, or fear, Mattou. Dress'd, or cooked, not raw, Ee'oo. A head Dress, used at funerals, Pa'raee. To dress, or put on the cloaths, Eu, hau'hooo t'Ahoo. To drink, Aee'noo. Drop, a single drop of any liquid, Oo,ata'hai.

To drop, or leak, Eto'tooroo, s. E'tooroo.

Drops, as drops of rain, To'potta. Drowned, Parre'mo. A Drum, Pa'hoo. Dry, not wet, Oo'maro. A Duck, Mora. A Dug, teat, or nipple, Eoo. Dumbness, E'faoe.

E.

The Ear, Ta'reea. The inside of the Ear, Ta'tooree. An Ear-ring, Poe note tareea. To eat, or chew, E'y, s. Maea. An Echinus, or sea-egg, Heawy. Echo, Tooo. An Egg of a bird, Ehooero te Manoo. A white Egg-bird, Pee'ry. Eight, A'waroo. The Elbow, Too'ree.

Empty, Oooata'aoe, s. Tata'ooa.

An Enemy, Taata'e. Entire, whole, not broke, Eta, Eta. Equal, Oohy'tei. Erect, upright, Etoo. A Euphorbium tree, with white flowers, Te'tooee. The Evening, Ooohoi'hoi. Excrement, Too'ty. To expand, or spread out cloth, &c. Ho'hora. The Eye, Matta. The Eye-brow, and eye-lid, Tooa, matta.

F.

The Face, E'moteea.

_To hide or hold the_ Face _away, as_ when ashamed_, Far_ee_'w_ai_. Facetious, _merry_, Faatta atta. Fainting, _to faint_, Moee,mo'my. To fall _down_, Topa. False, _not true_, Ha'warre. A Fan, _or to fan the face or cool it_, Taha'r_ee_. To fart, _or a fart_, Eh_oo_. Fat, _full of flesh, lusty_, P_ee_a. The fat _of meat_, Ma_ee_. A Father Med_oo_a tanne. A _step-_father, Tanne, te hoea. Fatigued, _tired_, E'h_ei'eu_,s.Faea. Fear, Mattou.

A Feather, or quill, Hooroo, hooroo, manoo.

Red Feathers, Ora, hooroo te manoo. Feebleness, weakness, Fara'ra, s. Tooro'ree. The sense of Feeling, Fa'fa. To feel, Tear'ro. A young clever dexterous Fellow, or boy, Te'my de pa'aree. The Female kind of any animal, E'ooha. The Fern-tree, Ma'mooo. Fertile land, Fenooa,maa. Fetch, go fetch it, Atee. Few in number, Eote. To fight, E'neotto. A Fillip, with the fingers, Epatta. The Fin of a fish, Tirra. To finish, or make an end, Eiote. A Finger, E'reema. Fire, Ea'hai. A flying Fish, Mara'ra. A green flat Fish, Eeume. A yellow flat Fish, Oo'morehe. A flat green and red Pai'ou. The cuckold Fish, Etata. A Fish, Eya.

Fishing wall for hauling the seine at Epa. the first point,

A Fish pot, E'wha.

A long Fishing rod of Bamboo, used Ma'keera. to catch bonettoes, &c.,

A Fissure, or crack, Motoo. Fist, to open the fist, Ma'hora. Fist, striking with the fist in dancing, A'moto. A fly Flapper, or to flap flies, Dahee'ere e'reupa.

Flatness, applied to a nose, or a vessel broad and flat; also a spreading flat topt tree, Papa.

A red Flesh mark, Eee'da. To float on the face of the water, Pa'noo. The Flower of a plant, Pooa. Open Flowers, Teearre'oo wa.

Flowers, white odoriferous flowers, used as ornaments in the ears, Teearre tarreea.

Flown, it is flown or gone away, Ma'houta. A Flute, Weewo. A black Fly-catcher, a bird so called, O'mamaeo. A Fly, Poore'hooa. To fly, as a bird, E'raire. Fog, or mist, Ry'poeea. To fold up a thing, as cloth, &c. He'fetoo.

A Fool, scoundrel, or other epithet of contempt, Ta'ouna.

The Foot, or sole of the foot, Tapooy. The Forehead, E'ry. Forgot, or lost in memory, Oo'aro. Foul, dirty, nasty, Erepo. A Fowl, Moea. Four, E'ha. The Frapping of a flute, Ahea. Freckles, Taina. Fresh, not salt, Eanna,anna. Friction, rubbing, E'oo ee.

Friend, a method of addressing a stranger, Ehoea

A particular Friend, or the salutation E'apatte. to him,

To frisk, to wanton, to play, E'hanne.

From there, No,reira, s. No,reida.

From without, No,waho'oo. From before, No,mooa. Fruit, 'Hoo'ero.

Perfume Fruit from Tethuroa, a small island, Hooero te manoo.

A yellow Fruit, like a large plumb with a rough core, A'vee.

Full, satisfied with eating, Pya,s.Oo'pya, s.'Paya.

A Furunculus, or a small hard boil, Apoo.

G. A Garland of flowers, A'voutoo, s. A'routoo Ef ha, apai.

Generosity, benevolence, Ho'roea. A Gimblet, Eho'oo. A Girdle, Ta'tooa. A Girl, or young woman, Too'neea. A Girthing manufacture, Tatoo'y. To give a thing, Hoea'too. A looking-Glass, Heeo'eeota.

A Glutton, or great eater, Taata A'ee, s. Era'poea nooe.

To go, or move from where you stand Harre. to walk

To go, or leave a place, Era'wa. Go, begone, make haste and do it, Haro. Go and fetch it, Atee.

Good, it is good, it is very well, My'ty, s. Myty,tye, s. Maytay.

Good-natured, Mama'hou, s. Ma'roo.

A Grandfather, Too'boona. A Great-grandfather, Tooboona tahe'too. A Great great-grandfather, Ouroo. A Grandson, Mo'boona. To grasp with the hand, Hara'waai.

Grasping the antagonist's thigh when Tomo. dancing,

Grass, _used on the floors of their Ano'noho. houses,

To grate cocoa-nut kernel, E'annatehea'ree. Great, large, big, Ara'hai. Green colour, Poore poore. To groan, Eroo,whe. The groin, Ta'pa. To grow as a plant, &c. We'rooa. To grunt, or strain, Etee,toowhe. The blind Gut, Ora'booboo. The Guts of any animal, A'aoo.

H. The Hair of the head, E'roroo, s. E'rohooroo.

Grey Hair, Hinna'heina. Red Hair, or a red-headed man, E'hoo. Curled Hair, Peepee. Woolly frizzled Hair, Oe'toeeto. To pull the Hair, E'woua. Hair, tied on the crown of the head, E'poote. Half of any thing, Fa'eete. A Hammer, Etee'te. Hammer it out, Atoo'bianoo. The Hand, E'reema. A deformed Hand, Peele'oi. A motion with the Hand in dancing, O'ne o'ne. A Harangue, or speech, Oraro. A Harbour, or anchoring-place, Too'tou. Hardness, E'ta,e'ta. A Hatchet, axe, or adze, Toee. He, Nana. The Head, Oo'po. A shorn Head, E'voua.

The Head-ache, in consequence of drunkenness, Eana'neea.

The sense of Hearing, Faro. The Heart of an animal, A'houtoo. Heat, warmth, Mahanna,hanna. Heavy, not light, Teima'ha. The sea Hedge-hog, Totera. A blue Heron, Otoo. A white Heron, Tra'pappa. To hew with an axe, Teraee.

Hibiscus, the smallest species of Hibiscus, with rough seed cases, that adhere to the clothes in walking, Peere,peere.

Hibiscus, a species of Hibiscus with large yellow flowers, Pooo'rou.

The Hiccup, Etoo'ee, s. Eoo'wha.

Hide, to hide a thing, E'hoona. High, or steep, Mato.

A Hill, or mountain, Maoo, s. Maoo'a, s. Moua.

One-tree Hill, a hill so called in Matavia Bay, Tal'ha.

To hinder, or prevent, Tapea. The Hips, E'tohe.

Hips, the black punctuated part of Tamo'rou. the hips,

To hit a mark, Ele'baou, s. Wa'poota.

Hiss, to hiss or hold out the finger at Tee'he. one,

Hoarseness, E'faeo. A Hog, Boea. To hold fast, Mou. Hold your tongue, be quiet or silent, Ma'moo, A Hole, as a gimblet hole in wood,&c, E'rooa, s. Poota. To hollow, or cry aloud to one, Too'o. To keep at Home, Ate'ei te Efarre. Honesty, Eea'oure. A fish Hook, Ma'tau. A fish Hook of a particular sort, Weete,weete.

The Horizon, E'paee, no t'Eraee.

Hot, _or sultry air, it is very hot_, Poh_ee_'a. A House, E'farre, s. Ewharre. A House _of office_, Eha'm_oo_te. _A large_ House, Efarre'pota. A House _on props_, A'whatta. _An industrious_ Housewife, Ma'h_ei_ne Am_au_'hattoi How _do you, or how is it with you, Tehanooee. Humorous, _droll, merry_, Fa,atta,'atta.

Hunger, Poro'ree, s. Poee'a.

A Hut, or house, E'farre.

I

I, myself, first person singular, Wou(1) Mee.(2) The lower Jaw, E'ta. Idle, or lazy, Tee'py.

Jealousy in a woman, Ta'boone, s.Fatee no, s. Hoo'hy.

Ignorance, stupidity, Weea'ta. Ill-natured, cross, Oore, e'eeore. An Image of a human figure, E'tee. Imps, the young imps, Teo'he. Immature, unripe, as unripe fruit, Poo. Immediately, instantly, To'hyto. Immense, very large, Roea. Incest, or incestuous, Ta'wytte. Indigent, poor, necessitous, Tee,tee. Indolence, laziness, Tee'py. Industry, opposed to idleness, Taee'a. Inhospitable, ungenerous, Pee'peere. To inform, E'whaee. A sort of Ink, used to punctuate, E'rahoo. An inquisitive tattling woman, Maheine Opotaieehu. To interrogate, or ask questions, Faeete. To invert, or turn upside down, E'hoora, tela'why. An Islet, Mo'too. The Itch, an itching of any sort, Myro. To jump, or leap, Mahouta, s. Araire.

K. Keep it to yourself, Vaihee'o. The Kernel of a cocoa-nut, Emo'teea. To kick with the foot, Ta'hee. The Kidnies, Fooa'hooa. Killed, dead, Matte. To kindle, or light up, Emaea. A King, Eaeree,da'hai. A King-fisher, the bird to called, E'rooro. To kiss, E'hoee. Kite, a boy's play-kite, O'omo. The Knee, E'tooree. To kneel, Too'tooree. A Knot, Ta'pona. A double Knot, Va'hodoo.

The female Knot formed on the upper Teebona. part of the garment, and on one side,

To know, or understand, Eete. The Knuckle, or joint of the fingers, Tee,poo.

L.

To labour, or work, Ehea. A Ladder, Era'a, s. E'ara.

A Lagoon, Ewha'ouna, s.Eae'onna.

Lame, cripple, Tei'tei. A Lance, or spear, Taeo.

Land in general, a country, Fe'nooa, s. Whe'nooa.

Language, speech, words, Pa'raou.

Language, _used when dancing, Timoro'd_ee_, te'Timoro'd_ee_.



Largeness, when applied to a country, Ara'hai. country,&c. Nooe.

To laugh, Atta. Laziness, Tee'py. Lean, the lean of meat, Aeo. Lean,slender, not fleshy, Too'hai. To leap, Ma'houta, s. A'rere.

Leave it behind, let it remain, 'Vaiheo. To leave, E'wheeoo. The Leg, A'wy. Legs, my legs ache, or are tired, A'hooa. A Liar, Taata,ha'warre.

To lie down, or along, to rest one's self, Ete'raha, s. Te'poo.

To lift a thing up, Era'wai. Day Light, Mara'marama. Light, or fire of the great people Toutoi,papa. Light, or fire of the common people, Neeao,papa.

Light, to light or kindle the fire, A'toonoo t'Eee'wera.

Light, not heavy, Ma'ma. Lightning, Oo'waira. The Lips, Ootoo. Little, small, Eete. A Lizard, 'Moeo. Loathsome, nauseous, E,a'wawa. A sort of Lobster, frequent in the isles, Teeonai. To loll about, or be lazy, Tee'py. To loll out the tongue, Ewha'toroo t'Arere. To look for a thing that is lost, Tapoonee. A Looking-glass, Heeo'ee'otta. Loose, not secure, Aoo'weewa. A Looseness, or purging, Hawa,'hawa. To love, Ehe'naroo. Lover, courtier, wooer, Ehoo'noea. A Louse, Oo'too.

Low, not high, as low land, &c. Hea,hea, s. Papoo. Eee'oea.

The Lungs, Teetoo,'arapoa. Lusty, fat, full of flesh, Oo'peea.

M.

Maggots, E'hoohoo. A Maid, or young woman , Too'neea. To make the bed, Ho'hora, te Moee'ya. The Male of any animal, male kind, E'oeta. A Man, Taeata, s. Taane. An indisposed or insincere Man, Taeata,ham'aneeno. A Man-of-war bird, Otta'ha.

Many, a great number, Wo'rou,wo'rou, s. manoo, manoo.

A black Mark on the skin, Eee'ree. Married, as a married man, Fanou'nou. A Mat, E'vanne. A silky kind of Mat, Moee'a.

A rough sort of Mat, cut in the Poo'rou. middle to admit the head,

A Mast of a ship or boat, Teera. Mature, ripe; as ripe fruit, Para, s. Pe. Me, I, Wou, s. Mee. A Measure, E'a. To measure a thing, Fa'eete. To meet one, Ewharidde.

To melt, or dissolve a thing, Too'tooe. as grease &c.

The middle, _or midst of a thing_, Teropoo. Midnight, O't_oo_ra,h_ei_'po. To mince, _or cut small_, E'p_oo_ta. Mine, _it is mine, or belongs to me_, No'_oo_. To miss, _not to hit a thing_, _Oo_'happa. Mist, _or fog_, Ry'po_ee_a. To mix _things together_, A'p_oo_e,'p_oo_e. To mock _or scoff at one_, Etoo'h_ee_. Modesty, Mamma'ha_oo_. Moist, _wet_, Wara'r_ee_. A Mole _upon the skin_, At_oo_'noea. _A lunar_ Month, Mara'ma. A Monument _to the dead_, Whatta'r_au_. The Moon, Mara'ma. The Morning, Oo'po_ee_'po_ee_. To-morrow, Bo'bo, s. A,Bo'bo. _The day after to_-morrow, A'bo'bo d_oo_ra. _The second day after to_-morrow; Po_ee_,po_ee_,addoo. A Moth, E,pepe. A Mother, Ma'd_oo_a, wa'h_ei_ne. A motherly, _or elderly woman_, Pa'tea. Motion, _opposed to rest_, O_o_a'ta. A Mountain, _or hill, Ma_oo_a, s. Mo_u_a. Mountains _of the highest order_, Mo_u_a tei'tei. Mountains _of the second order_, Mo_u_a 'haha. Mountains _of the third or lowest order_, Pere'ra_ou_. Mourning, '_Ee_va.

Mourning leaves, viz. those of the Ta'paoo. cocoa-tree, used for that purpose,

The Mouth, Eva'ha. To open the Mouth, Ha'mamma. A Multitude, or vast number, Wo'rou, wo'rou. Murdered, killed, Matte, s. matte roea. A Murderer, Taata toea. A Muscle-shell, Nou,ou. Music of any kind, Heeva.

A Musket, pistol, or firearms Poo,poo, s. Poo. of any kind,

Mute, silent, Fatebooa. To matter, or stammer, E'whaou.

N.

The Nail of the fingers, Aee'oo. A Nail of iron, Eure.

Naked, i. e. with the clothes off, Ta'lurra. undressed,

The Name of a thing, Eee'oo. Narrow, strait, not wide, Peere,peere. Nasty, dirty, not clean, E,repo. A Native, Taata'tooboo. The Neck, A'ee. Needles, Narreeda. A fishing Net, Oo'paia. New, young, sound, Hou. Nigh, Poto, s. Whatta'ta. Night, Po, s. E'aoo. To-Night, or to-day at night, A'oone te' Po. Black Night-shade, Oporo. Nine, A'eeva. The Nipple of the breast, E'oo. A Nit, Eriha.

[1] Ay'ma, [2] Yaiha, No, a negation, [3]A'oure, [4] Aee, [5] Yehaeea.

To nod, A'touou. Noisy, chattering, impertinent, Emoo. Noon, Wawa'tea. The Nostrils, Popo'heo. Numeration, or counting of numbers, Ta'tou. A cocoa Nut, Aree.

A large compressed Nut,that tastes Eeehee. like chesnuts when roasted,

O.

Obesity, corpulence, Ou'peea. The Ocean, Ty, s. Meede. Odoriferous, sweet-smelled, No'noea. Perfumed Oil they put on the hair, Mo'noee.

An Ointment,plaister, or any thing E'ra'paoo. that heals or relates to medicine,

Old, Ora'wheva. One, A'tahai. Open, clear, spacious, Ea'tea. Open, not shut, Fe'rei. To open, Te'haddoo. Opposite to, or over against, Wetoo'wheitte.

Order, in good order, regular, without Wara'wara. confusion,

Ornament, any ornament for the ear, Tooee ta'reea.

Burial Ornaments, viz. nine noits Ma'ray Wharre. stuck in the ground,

An Orphan, Oo'hoppe, poo'aia.

Out, not in, not within, Teiwe'ho. The Outside of a thing, Ooa'pee. An Oven in the ground, Eoo'moo. Over, besides, more than the quantity, Te'harra. To overcome, or conquer, E'ma'ooma. To overturn, or overset, Eha'paoo. An Owner E'whattoo. A large species of Oyster, I'teea. The large rough Oyster, or Spondylus, Paho'oea.

P.

The Paddle of a canoe, or to paddle, E'hoee. To paddle a canoe's head to the right What'tea. To paddle a canoe's head to the left, Wemma. Pain, or soreness,the sense of pain, Ma'my. A Pair, or two of any thing together, Ano'ho. The Palate, E'ta'nea. The Palm of the hand, Apoo'reema. To Pant, or breathe quickly, Oo'pou'pou,tea'ho. Pap, or child's food, Mamma. A Parent, Me'dooa. A small blue Parroquet, E'veenee.

A green Parroquet, with a E'a'a. red forehead,

The Part below the tongue, Eta'raro. A Partition, division, or screen, Paroo'roo. A Pass, or strait, E,aree'ea.

A fermented Paste, of bread, fruit and others, Ma'hee.

A Path, or road, Eae'ra. The Pavement before a house or hut, Pye,pye. A Pearl, Poee. The Peduncle, and stalk of a plant, A'maea, s. E'atta.

To peel or take the skin off a cocoa-nut&c. A'tee, s. E'atee.

Peeled, it is peeled, Me'atee. A Peg to hang a bag on, 'Pe'aoo.

A Pepper-plant, from the root of which they prepare an inebriating liquor, Awa.

Perhaps, it may be so, E'pa'ha. Persons of distinction, Patoo'nehe. A Petticoat of plantane leaves, AArou'maieea. Petty, small, trifling, opposed to Nooe, Ree.

A Physician, or person who attends the sick, Taata no E'rapaoo.

Pick, to pick or choose, Ehee te mai my ty. A large wood Pigeon, Eroope.

A large green and white Pigeon, Oo'oopa.

A small black and white Pigeon, with purple wings, Oooowy'deroo.

A Pimple, Hooa'houa. To Pinch with, the fingers, Ooma. A Plain, or flat, E'peeho. Plane, smooth, Pa'eea. A Plant of any kind, O'mo. A small Plant, E'rabo. The fruit of a Plantane-tree Maiee'a, s. Maya. Horse Plantanes, Fai'ee.

Pleased, good humoured, not cross or Maroo. surly,

Pluck it up, Areete. To pluck hairs from the beard, Hoohootee. To plunge a thing in the water, E,oo'whee. The Point of any thing, Oe,oee, or Oi,oi. Poison, bitter, Awa,awa. A Poll, Oora'hoo. Poor, indigent, not rich, Tee'tee. A bottle-nosed Porpoise, E'oua. Sweet Potatoes, Oo'marra. To pour out any liquid substance, Ma'nee. Pregnant with young, Waha'poo.

To press, or squeeze the legs gently with the hand, when tired or pained, Roro'mee.

Prick, to prick up the ears, Eoma te ta'ree. A Priest, Ta'houa. Prone, or face downwards, Tee'opa. A sort of Pudding, made of fruits, oil, &c. Po'po'ee.

Pumpkins, A'hooa. To puke, or vomit, E'awa, s. e'roo'y. Pure, clear, E'oo'ee. A Purging, or looseness, Hawa,hawa.

To pursue, and catch a person who Eroo,Eroo, has done some mischief, s. Eha'roe.

To push a thing with the hand, Too'raee. Put it up, or away, Orno.

Q.

Quickness, briskness, E'tirre. To walk quickly, Harre'neina.

Quietness, silence, a silent or seemingly thoughtful person, Falle'booa.

A Quiver for holding arrows, 'Peeha.

R.

A small black Rail, with red eyes, Mai'ho.

A small black Rail, spotted and buured with white, Pooa'nee.

Rain, E'ooa. A Rainbow, E'nooa. Raft, a raft of bamboo, Maito'e. Rank, strong, urinous, Ewao wao. A Rasp, or file, Ooee. A Rat, 'Yore, s. Eyore.

Raw meat, flesh that is not dressed E'otta. cooked,

Raw fruit, as plantanes, &c. that are Paroure. not baked

To recline, or lean upon a thing, E'py.

Red colour, Oora,oora, s. Matde.

To reef a sail, Epo'uie te rya. A Refusal, Ehoo'nooa. The Remainder of any thing, T,'Ewahei. To rend, burst, or split, Moo'moomoo. Rent, cracked, or torn, E'wha. To reside, live or dwell, E'noho. Respiration, breathing, Tooe,tooe. A Rib, Awaeo.

Rich, not poor, having plenty of Epo'too. goods, &c.

A Ring, 'Maino.

The Ringworm, a disease so called, E'nooa. Ripe, as ripe fruit, &c. Para, s. Pai, s. Ooo pai.

Rise, to rise up, A'too. To rive, or split, Ewhaoo' whaoo. A Road, or path, Eae'ra. Roasted, or broiled, Ooa'waira. A Robber, or thief, Eee'a (taata.) A Rock, Paoo. A reef of Rocks, E'aou. Rolling, the rolling of a ship, Too'roore. A Root, Apoo, s. Ea. A Rope of any kind, Taura. Rotten, as rotten fruit, &c. Roope. Rough, not smooth, Ta'rra, tarra. To row with oars, E'oome, s, E'hoee.

To rub a thing, as in washing the hands Ho'roee. and face,

The Rudder of a boat, or steering Hoee,fa'herre. paddle of a canoe,

Running backwards and forwards, Oo'atapone. endeavouring to escape,

S.

The Sail of a ship or boat, Eee'ai. To sail, or to be under sail, E'whano. Salt, or salt water, Ty'ty, s. Meede. Sand, dust, E'one. Saturn, Whati'hea. Saunders's island, Tabooa, Manoo. A Saw, Eee'oo. A Scab, E'tona. A fish's Scale or scales, Poea.

A pair of Scissars, O'toobo, s. O'toboo.

A Scoop, to empty water from a canoe, E'tata. To scrape a thing, Oo'aoo. To scratch with the fingers, Era'raoo. Scratched, a scratched metal, &c. Pahoore'hoore. The Sea-cat, a fish so called, Poohe. The Sea, Taee, s. Meede. A Sea-egg, He'awy. A Seam between two planks, Fatoo'whaira. To search for a thing that is lost, Ooe,s.Pae'mee. A Seat, Papa.

Secret, a secret whispering, or slandering another, Ohe'moo.

The Seed of a plant, Hooa'tootoo, s. Ehooero

The sense of seeing, E'hee'o. To send, Eho'poee. A Sepulchre, or burying-place, Ma'ray. A Servant, Towtow. Seven, A'Heetoo. To sew, or string, E'tooe. Seyne, to haul a seyne, Etoroo te paia. Shady, Maroo,maroo. To shake, or agitate a thing, Eooa'wai. A Shark, Maeo. Sharp, not blunt, Ooe'ee.

To shave, or take off the beard, Eva'roo, s.Whanne, whanne.

A small Shell, Ot'eo. A tyger Shell, Pore'hoo. Shew it me, Enara. A Ship, Pahee. Shipwreck, Ara'wha. A white Shirt, Paroo'y. To shiver with cold, A'tete. Mud Shoes, or fishing shoes, Tama. The Shore, Euta. Short, Po'potoo.

Shut, not open, Opa'nee, s. Poo'peepe.

Sickness, Matte my Mamy. The left Side, A'roode. The Side, E'reea'wo. The right Side, Atou,a'taou. Sighing, Fa'ea. Silence, Fatte'booa. Similar, or alike, Oowhyae'da. To sink, A'tomo. A Sister, Too'heine. To sit down, A'noho. To sit cross-legged, Tee'py. Six, A'Honoo. A Skate-fish, E'whaee. The Skin, Ee'ree. The Sky, E'raee. To sleep, Moee. The long Sleep, or death, Moee roea. To sleep, when sitting, Too'roore,moee. A Sling, E'ma. Slow, Marra,marroea,s.Fate. Small, little, Eete.

The sense of smelling, Fata'too, s.Ootoo,too,too.

Smell it, Hoina. To smell, Ahe'oi. Smoke, E'oora. Smooth, Pa'ya.

Smutting the face with charcoal for funeral ceremonies, Bap'para.

A sea Snake, that has alternate rings of a white and black colour, Poohee'aroo.

To snatch a thing hastily, E'hairoo. Sneezing, Machee'ai.

Snipe, a bird resembling a snipe, of a black and brown colour, Tee'tee.

Snot 'Hoope. Soberness, sobriety, sober, not given Teireida. to drunkenness,

To soften, Eparoo'paroo. Softness, that is, not hard, Maroo. The Sole of the foot, Tapoo'y. A Son My'de. A Son-in-law, Hoo'noea. A Song, Heeva. A Sore, or ulcer, O'pai. Soreness, or pain, Ma'may. Sound, any sound that strikes the ear, Pa'eena. A Span, Ewhaee ono. To speak, Paraou.

Speak; he speaks not from the heart, Neeate ootoo te parou his words are only on his lips, no nona.

A Spear, or lance, Taeo. To spill, Emare. To spit, Too'tooa.

To spread, or to expand a thing, as Ho'hora. cloth, &c.

To squeeze, or press hard, Ne,'neee. To squeeze, or press gently with the hand, Roro'mee. Squint-eyed, Matta'areva. A fighting Stage in a boat, E'tootee.

To stamp with the feet, to trample on Tata'hy. a thing,

Stand up, Atearenona. A Star, E'faitoo, s. Hwettoo. A Star-fish, Eve'ree. To startle, as when one dreams Wa'hee, te'dirre. Stay, or wait a little, A'reea, s. Aree'ana. To steal, 'Woreedo. Steep, as steep rocks, or cliffs, Mato. A walking Stick, 'Tame.

Stinking, ill-smelled, as stinking water,&c. Na'mooa, s. Nee'neeo.

Stink, _to stink or smell ill_, F_ou_, f_ou_. To stink, _as excrement_, P_ee_ro,p_ee_ro. The Stomach, 'Para_ee_'a. A Stone, Owhay. _A polished_ Stone, used to beat victuals P_ai_'noo. into a paste_,

Stones, upright stones which stand on the paved area before huts, Too'toore.

A small Stool, to lay the head on when asleep, Papa, s. Papa, rooae.

Stool, to go to stool, Teetee'o. To stop, A'too. The Stopper of a quiver, Ponau. A Storm of wind, rain, thunder, &c. Tarooa. Strait, narrow, not wide, Peere,peere. Striking, hollow striking in dancing, Apee. The String of a quiver, E'aha. Strong, as a strong man, O'omara. Struck, A'boola. Stupidity, ignorance, Weea'la. To suck as a child, Ote,ote. Sugar cane, E'To, s. Toeo. Suicide, Euha'aou. Sultry, or hot air, Poheea. The Sun, Mahanna, s. Era. The meridian Sun, Tei'neea te Mahanna. Supine, lying, Fateeraha. Surf of the sea, Horo'wai.

An interjection of Surprise, or admiration, Allaheuee'ai.

To surround, A'boone. To swallow, Horo'mee. The Sweat of the body, or to sweat E'hou, s. Ehou hou. A sweet taste, Mona. Swell of the sea, E'roo.

T.

A Tail, Ero. A Tail of a bird, E'hoppe. To take a friend by the hand, Etoo'yaoo. To take off, or unloose, Eve'vette. To take care of the victuals, Ewhaapoo te maa. To talk, or converse, Paraou. The sense of tasting, Tama'ta. A Tetotum, or whirligig, E'piroea. To tear a thing, Ha'hy, s. Whatte. A Teat, or dug, E'oo. The Teeth, E'neeheeo. Ten A'hooroo. To tend, or feed hogs, Ewhaee te Boea. Tenants, Afeu'hau. A black Tern, with a whitish head, Oee'o. There, Te'raee. They, them, or theirs, To'taooa. Thickness, applied to solid bodies, Meoo'meoo. Thick, as thick cloth, &c. Tooe'too'e. Thick, muddy, Ewore'roo,s.Eworepe. Thine, it is yours, or belongs to you, No oee. Thirst, W'ahee'y. Thoughts, Paraou, no te o'poo. An appearance of thoughtfulness, Fate'booa. Three, Toroo. The Throat, Ara'poa. To throw, or heave a thing, Taora. To throw a thing away, Harre'wai. To throw a ball, Ama'hooa. To throw a lance, Evara'towha. Throw, shall I throw it, Taure'a'a. Throwing in dancing, Hoe'aire. The Thumb, E'reema,erahai. Thunder, Pa'teere. Tickle, to tickle a person, My'neena. A Tide, or current, A'ow. To tie a knot, Ty.

Time, a space of time, from 6 to 10 at night, O'tooe, teepo.

Time, a little time, a small space, Popo'eunoo. Time, a long time, a great while, Ta'moo. A Title belonging to a woman of rank, E'tapay'roo. A Toe of the foot, Maneeo. A Tomb, Too,pap'pou. The Tongue, E'rero. A Tortoise, E'honoo. Touching, Fa'fa. Tough, as tough meat, &c. Ahoo'oue. A Town, E'farre pooto pootoo. To trample with the foot, Tata'he, s. Ta'ta'hy. A Tree, E'raeo.

A Tree, from which they make clubs, Toea (Eraeo.) spears, &c.

To tremble, or shudder with cold, Ooa'titte, s. Eta. Trembling, shaking, Aou'dou. To trip one up in wrestling, Me'haee. A Tropic-bird, Manoo'roa. Truth, Evaee'roea,s.Paraou,mou. To tumble, Pouta'heite. A Turban, E'taee. To turn, or turned, Oo'ahoee.

To turn, as in walking backwards and forwards, Hoodeepeepe.

Twins, twin children, Ma'hea. To twist a rope, Tawee'ree. Two, E'Rooae.

U.

An Ulcer, or sore, O'pai. Under, below, low down, Oraro. Under sail, Pou'pouee. To understand, Ee'te. To undress, or take off the clothes, Ta'turra. An unmarried person, Aree'oi. Unripe, as unripe fruit,&c. Poo.

V.

Luminous Vapour, Epao. Vassal, or subject, Manna'houna. Vast, Ara,hai,s.Mai,ara'hai. The Veins that run under the skin, E'woua. Venus, Tou'rooa.

Vessel, any hollow vessel, as cups of nuts,&c. Ai'boo.

Vessel, a hollow vessel in which they prepare an inebriating liquor, Oo'mutte.

To vomit, Eroo'y.

W.

Wad, tow, fibres like hemp, Ta'mou. Wait, stay a little, Areeana. Wake, awake, Arra arra, s. Era. To walk out, Avou'oia. To walk backwards and forwards, Hooa peepe. A Warrior, soldier, or rather a man-killer, Taatatoea. Warmth, heat, Mahanna,hanna. A Wart, Toria. To wash, as to wash cloth in water, Mare. To watch, Eteaee. Water, A'vy. Water-cresses, Pa'toea. We, both of us, Taooa, s. Aroo'rooa. A wedge, Era'hei. To weep, or cry, Hanoe a,a,taee. Well recovered, or well escaped, Woura, s. woo,ara. Well, it is well, charming, fine, Pooro'too.

What, whats that, E'hara, E'ha'rya,s. Ye'haeea, expressed inquisitively.

What do you call that, what is the name of it, Owy te aee'oa.

When, at what time, W'heea. Where is it, Te'hea.

Whet, to whet or sharp a thing, Evoee. To whistle, Ma'poo.

Whistling, a method of whistling to call the people to meals, Epou,maa.

To whisper secretly, as in backbiting, &c. Ohe'moo.

Who is that, what is he called, Owy,tanna, s. Owy,nana.

Whole, the whole not a part of a thing, E'ta,e'tea, s. A'maoo. Wide, not strait or narrow, Whatta,whatta. A Widow, Wa'tooneea. Wife, my wife, Ma'heine. The Wind, Mattay. The south-east Wind, Mattaee. A Window, Ma'laee ou'panee. The Wing of a bird, Ere'ou. To wink, E'amou,amoo. To wipe a thing clean, Ho'roee. Wish, a wish to one who sneezes, Eva'roua t Eaetooa. Within side, Tee'ro to. A Woman, Wa'heine. A married Woman, Wa'heine mou.

Woman, she is a married woman, she has got another husband, Terra,tanne.

Won't I won't do it, 'Aeeoo, expressed angrily.

Wood of any kind, E'raoe. A Wound, Oo'tee. A Wrestler, Mouna. Wrinkled in the face, Meeo, meeo. The Wrist, Mo'moea. A Wry-neck, Na'na.

Y.

To yawn, Ha'mamma. Yellow colour, He'appa. Yes, Ay, s. ai. Yesterday, Ninna'hay. Yesternight, Ere'po. York island, Ei'meo. Yon Oe. young,as a young animal of any kind, Pee'naia.

[21] A Table exhibiting at one View, Specimens of different languages spoken in the South-Sea, from Easter Island, Westward to New Caledonia, as observed in the Voyage.

English. Otaheite. Easter Island. The Marquesas Isles. The Island of Amsterdam. New Zealand. Malicolo. Tanna. New Caledonia

A Bird, 'Manoo,[22] 'Manoo, 'Manuoo, Manoo, Manee, s. Maneek.

A Bow E'fanna, 'Fanna, Nabrroos, Na'fanga.

Bread-fruit Ooroo, Maiee, Ba'rabe, Tag'ooroo.

A canoe E'vaea 'Wagga, Ev'aea, Ta'wagga, Wang.

Cloth Ahoo, 'Ahoo, 'Ahoo, s. A'hooeea, Babba'langa,Kak'ahoo, Ta'naree, Hamban.

A Cocoa-nut 'Aree, 'Eeoo, Naroo, Naboo'y, 'Neeoo.

To drink Ayn_oo_' A_ee_n_oo_, 'A_ee_n_oo_, No'a_ee_, N_ooee_, 'Oo_d_oo_, s. _Oo_nd_oo_.

The Eye Matta, Matta, 'Matta, s. Mattaeea, 'Matta, 'Matta, Maitang, Nanee'maiuk, Tee'vein.

The Ear Ta'reea, Ta'reean, Boo'eena, Ta'reeka, Talingan, Feenee'enguk, Gain'eeng.

Fish 'Eya, Eeka, 'Eeka, 'Eeka, 'Namoo.

A Fowl, Moea, Moea, Moea, Moe'roo.

The Hand, E'reema, 'Reema, Eoo'my, E'reema, 'Reenga, Badon'heen.

The Head, _Oo_'po, Aoe'po, Tak'_oo_po, Ba's_ai_ne, N_oo_gwa'n_aium, Gar'moing.

A Hog, 'Boea, 'Booa, Boo'acka, 'Brrooas, 'Booga, s. 'Boogas.

I,myself, Wou, s. ou, 'Wou, Ou.

To laugh, 'Atta, Katta, 'Haearish, Ap, s.Gye'ap.

A Man, 'Taeata, Papa? Teeto, Ba'rang, Naroo'maean.

The Navel, 'Peeto, Peeto, s. Peeto'ai, Peeto, Nomprtong, Napee rainguk, Whanboo een.

No, (1)'Ayma,(2)Yaiha,(3)A'oure,'Eisa, 'Eesha, Ka'oure, Ta'ep, E'sa, 'Eeva, Eeba.

Plantains, 'Maiya, (1)Maya, (2)Footse, Maieea, 'Foodje, Nabrruts.

Puncturation, Ta'tou, E'patoo, Ta'tou, Moko, 'Gan, s. Gan,galang.

Rain, E'ooa, 'Ooa,

Na'mawar, Ooe.

Sugar cane, E'To, To,

Na'rook.

The Teeth, E'neeheeo, 'Neeho, E'neeho, 'Neefo, Neeho, Ree'bohn, 'Warrewuk, s. 'Raibuk, Penna'wein.

Water, A'vay, E'vy,

Er'gour, Ooe.

To Whistle, 'Mapoo, Feeo,feeo, Papang, Awe'bern, 'Wyoo.

A Woman, Wa'heine, Ve'heene, Ra'bin, Nai'braean, Tama.

Yams, E'oohe, Oohe, Oofe, Nan-'ram, Oofe, Oobe.

Yes, Ai, 'Eeo, Ai, 'Eeo, 'Elo, s. Eeo, s. oee.

You, Oe, Oe.



One, A'Tahay, Katta'haee, Atta'haee, Ta'haee,

Tsee'kaee, Reedee, Wagee'aing.

Two, E'Rooa, 'Rooa, A'ooa, E'ooa, E'ry, 'Karoo, 'Waroo.

Three, 'Teroo, 'Toroo, A'toroo, 'Toroo, E'rei, 'Kahar, Watee en.

Four, A'Haa, 'Haea, s. Faea, A'faa, A'faea, E'bats, 'Kaiphar, Wam'baeek.

Five, E'Reema, 'Reema, A'eema, 'Neema, E'reem, 'Kreerum, Wannim.

Six, A'ono, 'Honoo, A'ono, Tsoo'kaee, Ma'reedee, Wannim-geeek.

Seven, A'Heitoo, 'Heedoo, A'wheetoo, Gooy, Ma'karoo, Wannim'noo.

Eight, A'waroo, 'Varoo, A'waoo, Hoorey, Ma'kahar, Wannim'gain.

Nine, A'eeva, Heeva, A'eeva, Goodbats, Ma'kaiphar, Wannim'baeek.

Ten, A'hooroo, Atta'hooroo, s. Anna'hooroo, Wannahoo, s. Wanna'hooe, Senearr, Ma'kreerum, Wannoo'naiuk.

[Footnote 21: It may be easily perceived, that notwithstanding some words are entirely different, the first five Indian languages are radically the same; though the distance from Easter Island to New Zealand is upwards of fifteen hundred leagues. The principal difference consists in the mode of pronunciation, which in Easter Island, Amsterdam, and New Zealand, is more harsh, or guttural, than at the Marquesas Isles, or Otaheite. The other three differ totally, not only from the preceding, but from each other; which is more extraordinary than the agreement of the others, as from Malicolo to Tanna you never lose sight of land; nor is New Caledonia at a great distance from the last place. In the language of Malicolo a great number of harsh labial sounds prevail, very difficult to be represented in writing. At Tanna the pronunciation is likewise harsh, but rather guttural, and the inhabitants of New Caledonia have many nasal sounds, or snivel much in speaking. It may however be observed, that in the three last languages, some words are found which seem to have a distant resemblance to those that go before; as Brr'ooas, in Malicolo, and 'Booga, or 'Boogas, in Tanna, both signifying a hog, which at Otaheite and the Marquesas, is expressed by the word 'Boea, and at Amsterdam Boo'acka. Yet, whether these may not have been accidentally introduced, is hard to determine; because they frequently use two words to express the same thing; as for instance, in New Caledonia, they call a star both Peejoo and Fya'too; the first seems most consonant to the general composition of their language, whereas the second differs very little from E'faitoo, or Whetoo, the name of a star at Otaheite. When they mention puncturation, it is commonly called a Gan, or Gan,galan; but sometimes they say Tata'tou, which is almost the same as Ta'tou, used to express the same thing at Otaheite and Amsterdam.]

[Footnote 22: The letters in Italic, as oo, ee, &c. are to be sounded as one. Those with this ", as oee, &c. are separately. The accent at the beginning of a word, signifies the chief stress in pronunciation is to be laid there; if over it at any other part, the stress is laid on that part immediately following. A comma in the middle of a word, either signifies, that it is compounded of two, or, that the same syllables repeated, make the word; in both which cases, a small stop, or pause, must be made in pronouncing it.]



PART III. BOOK III.

A VOYAGE TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN, UNDERTAKEN BY THE COMMAND OF HIS MAJESTY, FOR MAKING DISCOVERIES IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE; TO DETERMINE THE POSITION AND EXTENT OF THE WEST SIDE OF NORTH AMERICA, ITS DISTANCE FROM ASIA, AND THE PRACTICABILITY OF A NORTHERN PASSAGE TO EUROPE. PERFORMED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF CAPTAINS COOK, CLERKE, AND GORE, IN HIS MAJESTY'S SHIPS THE RESOLUTION AND DISCOVERY, IN THE YEARS 1776, 1777, 1778, 1779, & 1780.[23]



INTRODUCTION.

The spirit of discovery, which had long animated the European nations, having, after its arduous and successful exertions, during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, gradually subsided, and for a considerable time lain dormant, began to revive in Great Britain in the late reign;[24] and recovered all its former activity, under the cherishing influence, and munificent encouragement, of his present majesty.

[Footnote 23: The account of this voyage was originally published in three volumes the first and second of which were written by Captain Cook himself, and the third by Captain King, one of his officers. The work, however, as the reader will soon find, is materially enriched by the communications of Mr Anderson, surgeon of the Resolution. The valuable introduction, and the notes interspersed throughout the volumes contributed by Cook, were the production of Dr Douglas, Bishop of Salisbury, who, at the request of Lord Sandwich, undertook also the office of editor. Of the amount of his services in this character, we have his own statement, towards the end of the introduction. From this, it appears, that Cook, when he set out, knew he was expected to relate, as well as to execute, the operations committed to him; and that his journal, in consequence, was faithfully adhered to. This seems to imply the non-interference of the editor, at least in any important sense. The same thing may be inferred from what he says respecting Mr Anderson's journal. And as to the third volume, we are expressly told, that it was completely prepared for the press by Captain King himself. There is surely, then, very little foundation for an assertion made in the memoir of Captain Cook, inserted in the new edition of the General Biographical Dictionary, vol. 10. viz. that Dr Douglas "has levelled down the more striking peculiarities of the different writers, into some appearance of equality." Certainly, we are bound either to refuse such an insinuation, or to charge falsehood on Dr Douglas, who expressly states, that all he has to answer for, are the notes in Captain Cook's two volumes and the introduction. But the alternative will give no trouble to any reader acquainted with the worthy character of the bishop, or who can comprehend, how very readily a probable conjecture may became the basis of an erroneous opinion.

It is necessary to apprise the reader, that the letter D is placed at such of Dr Douglas's notes as it is thought advisable to retain in this work, and that for the rest marked E., the editor, as formerly, is responsible.—E.]

[Footnote 24: Two voyages for discovering a north-west passage, through Hudson's Bay, were then performed; one under the command of Captain Middleton, in his majesty's ships the Furnace, and the Discovery pink, in 1741 and 1743. The other under the direction of Captains Smith and Moore, in the ships Dobbs and California, fitted out by subscription, in 1746 and 1747.—D.]

Soon after his accession to the throne, having happily closed the destructive operations of war, he turned his thoughts to enterprises more humane, but not less brilliant, adapted to the season of returning peace. While every liberal art, and useful study, flourished under his patronage at home, his superintending care was extended to such branches of knowledge, as required distant examination and enquiry; and his ships, after bringing back victory and conquest from every quarter of the known world, were now employed in opening friendly communications with its hitherto unexplored recesses.

In the prosecution of an object so worthy of the monarch of a great commercial people, one voyage followed another in close succession; and, we may add, in regular gradation. What Byron had begun, Wallis and Carteret soon improved. Their success gave birth to a far more extensive plan of discovery, carried into execution in two subsequent voyages, conducted by Cook. And that nothing might be left unattempted, though much had been already done, the same commander, whose professional skill could only be equalled by the persevering diligence with which he had exerted it, in the course of his former researches, was called upon, once more, to resume, or rather to complete, the survey of the globe. Accordingly, another voyage was undertaken, in 1776; which, though last in the order of time, was far from being the least considerable, with respect to the extent and importance of its objects; yet, still, far less fortunate than any of the former, as those objects were not accomplished, but at the expence of the valuable life of its conductor.

When plans, calculated to be of general utility, are carried into execution with partial views, and upon interested motives, it is natural to attempt to confine, within some narrow circle, the advantages which might have been derived to the world at large, by an unreserved disclosure of all that had been effected. And, upon this principle, it has too frequently been considered as sound policy, perhaps, in this country, as well as amongst some of our neighbours, to affect to draw a veil of secrecy over the result of enterprises to discover and explore unknown quarters of the globe. It is to the honour of the present reign, that more liberal views have been now adopted. Our late voyages, from the very extensive objects proposed by them, could not but convey useful information to every European nation; and, indeed, to every nation, however remote, which cultivates commerce, and is acquainted with navigation: And that information has most laudably been afforded. The same enlarged and benevolent spirit, which ordered these several expeditions to be undertaken, has also taken care that the result of their various discoveries should be authentically recorded. And the transactions of these voyages round the world, having, in due time, been communicated, under the authority of his majesty's naval minister; those of the present, which, besides revisiting many of the former discoveries in the southern, carried its operations into untrodden paths in the northern hemisphere, are, under the same sanction, now submitted to the public in these volumes.

One great plan of nautical investigation having been pursued throughout, it is obvious, that the several voyages have a close connection, and that an exact recollection of what had been aimed at, and effected, in those that preceded, will throw considerable light on our period. With a view, therefore, to assist the reader in forming a just estimate of the additional information conveyed by this publication, it may not be improper to lay before him a short, though comprehensive, abstract of the principal objects that had been previously accomplished, arranged in such a manner, as may serve to unite into one point of view, the various articles which lie scattered through the voluminous journals already in the hands of the public; those compiled by Dr Hawkesworth; and that which was written by Captain Cook himself. By thus shewing what had been formerly done, how much still remained for subsequent examination will be more apparent; and it will be better understood on what grounds, though the ships of his majesty had already circumnavigated the world five different times, in the course of about ten years, another voyage should still be thought expedient.

There will be a farther use in giving such an abstract a place in this introduction. The plan of discovery, carried on in so many successive expeditions, being now, we may take upon us to say, in a great measure completed, by summing up the final result, we shall be better able to do justice to the benevolent purposes it was designed to answer; and a solid foundation will be laid, on which we may build a satisfactory answer to a question, sometimes asked by peevish refinement, and ignorant malevolence, What beneficial consequences, if any, have followed, or are likely to follow, to the discoverers, or to the discovered, to the common interests of humanity, or to the increase of useful knowledge, from all our boasted attempts to explore the distant recesses of the globe?

The general object of the several voyages round the world, undertaken by the command of his majesty, prior to that related in this work, was to search for unknown tracts of land that might exist within the bosom of the immense expanse of ocean that occupies the whole southern hemisphere.

Within that space, so few researches had been made, before our time, and those few researches had been made so imperfectly, that the result of them, as communicated to the world in any narration, had rather served to create uncertainty, than to convey information; to deceive the credulous, rather than to satisfy the judicious enquirer; by blending the true geography of above half the superficies of the earth with an endless variety of plausible conjectures, suggested by ingenious speculation; of idle tales, handed down by obscure tradition; or of bold fictions, invented by deliberate falsehood.

It would have been very unfortunate, indeed, if five different circumnavigations of the globe, some of them, at least, if not all, in tracks little known, and less frequented, had produced no discoveries, to reward the difficulties and perils unavoidably encountered. But the following review will furnish the most satisfactory proofs, that his majesty's instructions have been executed with ability; and that the repeated visits of his ships to the southern hemisphere, have very considerably added to our stock of geographical knowledge.

1. The south Atlantic ocean was the first scene of our operations. Falkland's Islands had been hitherto barely known to exist; but their true position and extent, and every circumstance which could render their existence of any consequence, remained absolutely undecided, till Byron visited them in 1764. And Captain Macbride, who followed him thither two years after, having circumnavigated their coasts, and taken a complete survey, a chart of Falkland's Islands has been constructed, with so much accuracy, that the coasts of Great Britain itself, are not more authentically laid down upon our maps.

How little was really known of the islands in the south Atlantic, even so late as the time of Lord Anson, we have the most remarkable proofs, in the history of his voyage. Unavoidably led into mistake, by the imperfect materials then in the possession of the world, he had considered Pepys's Island, and Falkland Isles, as distinct places; distant from each other about five degrees of latitude. Byron's researches have rectified this capital error; and it is now decided, beyond all contradiction, that, as Captain Cook says, "Future navigators will mispend their time, if they look for Pepys's Island in latitude 47 deg.; it being now certain, that Pepys's Island is no other than these islands of Falkland."

Besides the determination of this considerable point, other lands, situated in the South Atlantic, have been brought forward into view. If the isle of Georgia had been formerly seen by La Roche in 1675, and by Mr Guyot, in the ship Lion, in 1756, which seems to be probable, Captain Cook, in 1775, has made us fully acquainted with its extent and true position; and, in the same year, he added to the map of the world Sandwich Land, hitherto not known to exist, and the most southern discovery that has been ever accomplished.

II. Though the Strait of Magalhaens had been formerly visited, and sailed through by ships of different nations, before our time, a careful examination of its bays, and harbours, and head-lands; of the numerous islands it contains, and of the coasts, on both sides, that inclose it; and an exact account of the tides, and currents, and soundings, throughout its whole extent, was a task, which, if Sir John Narborough, and others, had not totally omitted, they cannot be said to have recorded so fully, as to preclude the utility of future investigation. This task has been ably and effectually performed by Byron, Wallis, and Carteret; whose transactions in this strait, and the chart of it, founded on their observations and discoveries, are a most valuable accession to geography.

III. If the correct information, thus obtained, about every part of this celebrated strait, should deter future adventurers from involving themselves in the difficulties and embarrassments of a labyrinth, now known to be so intricate, and the unavoidable source of danger and delay, we have the satisfaction to have discovered, that a safer and more expeditious entrance into the Pacific Ocean, may be reasonably depended upon. The passage round Cape Horn has been repeatedly tried, both from the east and from the west, and stript of its terrors. We shall, for the future, be less discouraged by the labours and distresses experienced by the squadrons of Lord Anson and Pizarro, when we recollect that they were obliged to attempt the navigation of those seas at an unfavourable season of the year; and that there was nothing very formidable met with there when they were traversed by Captain Cook.

To this distinguished navigator was reserved the honour of being the first, who, from a series of the most satisfactory observations, beginning at the west entrance of the Strait of Magalhaens, and carried on with unwearied diligence, round Tierra del Fuego, through the Strait of Le Maire, has constructed a chart of the southern extremity of America, from which it will appear, how much former navigators must have been at a loss to guide themselves; and what advantages will be now enjoyed by those who shall hereafter sail round Cape Horn.

IV. As the voyages of discovery, undertaken by his majesty's command, have facilitated the access of ships into the Pacific Ocean, they have also greatly enlarged our knowledge of its contents.

Though the immense expanse usually distinguished by this appellation, had been navigated by Europeans for near two centuries and a half, by far the greater part of it, particularly to the south of the equator, had remained, during all this time, unexplored.

The great aim of Magalhaens, and of the Spaniards in general, its first navigators, being merely to arrive, by this passage, at the Moluccas, and the other Asiatic spice islands, every intermediate part of the ocean that did not lie contiguous to their western track, which was on the north side of the equator, of course escaped due examination. And if Mendana and Quiros, and some nameless conductors of voyages before them, by deviating from this track, and steering westward from Callao, within the southern tropic, were so fortunate as to meet with various islands there, and so sanguine as to consider those islands as marks of the existence of a neighbouring southern continent, in the exploring of which they flattered themselves they should rival the fame of De Gama and Columbus, these feeble efforts never led to any effectual disclosure of the supposed hidden mine of a New World. On the contrary, their voyages being conducted without a judicious plan, and their discoveries being left imperfect without immediate settlement, or subsequent examination, and scarcely recorded in any well-authenticated or accurate narrations, had been almost forgot; or were so obscurely remembered, as only to serve the purpose of producing perplexing debates about their situation and extent, if not to suggest doubts about their very existence.

It seems, indeed, to have become a very early object of policy in the Spanish councils, to discontinue and to discourage any farther researches in that quarter. Already masters of a larger empire on the continent of America than they could conveniently govern, and of richer mines of the precious metals on that continent than they could convert into use, neither avarice nor ambition furnished reasons for aiming at a fresh accession of dominions. And thus, though settled all along the shores of this ocean, in a situation so commodious for prosecuting discoveries throughout its wide extent, the Spaniards remained satisfied with a coasting intercourse between their own ports; never stretching across the vast gulph that separates that part of America from Asia, but in an unvarying line of navigation, perhaps in a single annual ship, between Acapulco and Manilla.

The tracks of other European navigators of the South Pacific Ocean, were, in a great measure, regulated by those of the Spaniards, and consequently limited within the same narrow bounds. With the exception, perhaps, of two instances only, those of Le Maire and Roggewein, no ships of another nation had entered this sea, through the Strait of Magalhaens, or found Cape Horn, but for the purposes of trade with the Spaniards, or of hostility against them, purposes which could not be answered, without precluding any probable chance of adding much to our stock of discovery. For it was obviously incumbent on all such adventurers, to confine their cruises within a moderate distance of the Spanish settlements, in the vicinity of which alone they could hope to exercise their commerce, or to execute their predatory and military operations. Accordingly, soon after emerging from the strait, or completing the circuit of Tierra del Fuego, they began to hold a northerly course, to the uninhabited island of Juan Fernandez, their usual spot of rendezvous and refreshment. And after ranging along the continent of America, from Chili to California, they either reversed their course back to the Atlantic, or, if they ventured to extend their voyage by stretching over to Asia, they never thought of trying experiments in the unfrequented and unexplored parts of the ocean, but chose the beaten path (if the expression may be used,) within the limits of which it was likely that they might meet with a Philippine galleon, to make their voyage profitable to themselves; but could have little prospect, if they had been desirous, of making it useful to the public, by gaining any accession of new land to the map of the world.

By the natural operation of these causes, it could not but happen, that little progress should be made toward obtaining a full and accurate knowledge of the South Pacific Ocean. Something, however, had been attempted by the industrious, and once enterprising, Dutch, to whom we are indebted for three voyages, undertaken for the purposes of discovery; and whose researches, in the southern latitudes of this ocean, are much better ascertained than are those of the earlier Spanish navigators above mentioned.

Le Maire and Schouten, in 1616, and Roggewein, in 1722, wisely judging that nothing new could be gained by adhering to the usual passage on the north side of the Line, traversed this ocean from Cape Horn to the East Indies, crossing the south tropic, a space which had been so seldom, and so ineffectually, visited; though popular belief, fortified by philosophical speculation, expected there to reap the richest harvest of discovery.

Tasman, in 1642, in his extensive circuit from Batavia, through the South Indian Ocean, entered the South Pacific, at its greatest distance from the American side, where it never had been examined before. And his range, continued from a high southern latitude, northward to New Guinea, and the islands to the east of it near the equator, produced intermediate discoveries, that have rendered his voyage memorable in the annals of navigation.

But still, upon the whole, what was effected in these three expeditions, served only to shew how large a field was reserved for future and more persevering examination. Their results had, indeed, enabled geographers to diversify the vacant uniformity of former charts of this ocean by the insertion of some new islands. But the number, and the extent of these insertions, were so inconsiderable, that they may be said to appear

Rari, nantes in gurgite vasto.

And, if the discoveries were few, those few were made very imperfectly. Some coasts were approached, but not landed upon; and passed without waiting to examine their extent and connection with those that might exist at no great distance. If others were landed upon, the visits were, in general, so transient, that it was scarcely possible to build upon a foundation so weakly laid, any information that could even gratify idle curiosity, much less satisfy philosophical enquiry, or contribute greatly to the safety, or to the success, of future navigation.

Let us, however, do justice to these beginnings of discovery. To the Dutch, we must, at least, ascribe the merit of being our harbingers, though we afterward went beyond them in the road they had first ventured to tread. And with what success his majesty's ships have, in their repeated voyages, penetrated into the obscurest recesses of the South Pacific Ocean, will appear from the following enumeration of their various and very extensive operations, which have drawn up the veil that had hitherto been thrown over the geography of so great a proportion of the globe.

1. The several lands, of which any account had been given, as seen by any of the preceding navigators, Spanish or Dutch, have been carefully looked for, and most of them (at least such of them as seemed of any consequence) found out and visited; and not visited in a cursory manner, but every means used to correct former mistakes, and to supply former deficiencies, by making accurate enquiries ashore, and taking skilful surveys of their coasts, by sailing round them, who has not heard, or read, of the boasted Tierra Australia del Espiritu Santo of Quiros? But its bold pretensions to be a part of a southern continent, could not stand Captain Cook's examination, who sailed round it, and assigned it its true position and moderate bounds, in the Archipelago of the New Hebrides.[25]

[Footnote 25: Bougainville, in 1768, did no more than discover that the land here was not connected, but composed of islands. Captain Cook, in 1774, explored the whole group.—D.]

2. Besides perfecting many of the discoveries of their predecessors, our late navigators have enriched geographical knowledge with a long catalogue of their own. The Pacific Ocean, within the south tropic, repeatedly traversed, in every direction, was found to swarm with a seemingly endless profusion of habitable spots of land. Islands scattered through the amazing space of near fourscore degrees of longitude, separated at various distances, or grouped in numerous clusters, have, at their approach, as it were, started into existence; and such ample accounts have been brought home concerning them and their inhabitants, as may serve every useful purpose of enquiry; and, to use Captain Cook's words, who bore so considerable a share in those discoveries, have left little more to be done in that part.

3. Byron, Wallis, and Carteret had each of them contributed toward increasing our knowledge of the islands that exist in the Pacific Ocean, within the limits of the southern tropic; but how far that ocean reached to the west, what lands bounded it on that side, and the connection of those lands with the discoveries of former navigators, was still the reproach of geographers, and remained absolutely unknown, till Captain Cook, during his first voyage in 1770, brought back the most satisfactory decision of this important question. With a wonderful perseverance, and consummate skill, amidst an uncommon combination of perplexities and dangers, he traced this coast near two thousand miles, from the 38 deg. of south latitude, cross the tropic, to its northern extremity, within 10 deg. 1/2 of the equinoctial, where it was found to join the lands already explored by the Dutch, in several voyages from their Asiatic settlements, and to which they have given the name of New Holland. Those discoveries made in the last century, before Tasman's voyage, had traced the north and the west coasts of this land; and Captain Cook, by his extensive operations on its east side, left little to be done toward completing the full circuit of it. Between Cape Hicks, in latitude 38 deg., where his examination of this coast began, and that part of Van Diemen's Land, from whence Tasman took his departure, was not above fifty-five leagues. It was highly probable, therefore, that they were connected; though Captain Cook cautiously says, that he could not determine whether his New South Wales, that is, the east coast of New Holland, joins to Van Diemen's Land, or no. But what was thus left undetermined by the operations of his first voyage, was, in the course of his second, soon cleared up; Captain Furneaux, in the Adventure, during his separation from the Resolution (a fortunate separation as it thus turned out) in 1773, having explored Van Diemen's Land, from its southern point, along the east coast, far beyond Tasman's station, and on to the latitude 38 deg., where Captain Cook's examination of it in 1770 had commenced.

It is no longer, therefore, a doubt, that we have now a full knowledge of the whole circumference of this vast body of land, this fifth part of the world (if I may so speak), which our late voyages have discovered to be of so amazing a magnitude, that, to use Captain Cook's words, _it is of a larger extent than any other country in the known world, that does not bear the name of a continent.[26]

[Footnote 26: What the learned editor asserts here, as to the full knowledge acquired by the voyages to which he alludes, must be restricted, as Captain Flinders very properly remarks, to the general extent of the vast region explored. It will not apply to the particular formation of its coasts, for this plain reason, that the chart accompanying the work, of which he was writing the introduction, represents much of the south coast as totally unknown. It is necessary to mention also, that what he says immediately before, in allusion to the discoveries made by Captain Furaeaux, must submit to correction. That officer committed some errors, owing, it would appear, to the imperfection of preceding accounts; and he left undetermined the interesting question as to the existence of a connection betwixt Van Diemen's Land and New South Wales. The opinion which he gave as to this point, on very insufficient data certainly, viz. that there is "no strait between them, but a very deep bay," has been most satisfactorily disproved, by the discovery of the extensive passage which bears the name of Flinders's friend, Mr Bass, the enterprising gentleman that accomplished it.—E.]

4. Tasman having entered the Pacific Ocean, after leaving Van Diemen's Land, had fallen in with a coast to which he gave the name of New Zealand. The extent of this coast, and its position in any direction but a part of its west side, which he sailed along in his course northward, being left absolutely unknown, it had been a favourite opinion amongst geographers, since his time, that New Zealand was a part of a southern continent, running north and south, from the 33 deg. to the 64 deg. of south latitude, and its northern, coast stretching cross the South Pacific to an immense distance, where its eastern boundary had been seen by Juan Fernandez, half a century before. Captain Cook's voyage in the Endeavour has totally destroyed this supposition. Though Tasman must still have the credit of having first seen New Zealand, to Captain Cook solely belongs that of having really explored it. He spent near six months upon its coasts in 1769 and 1770, circumnavigated it completely, and ascertained its extent and division into two islands. Repeated visits since that have perfected this important discovery, which, though now known to be no part of a southern continent, will probably, in all future charts of the world, be distinguished as the largest islands that exist in that part of the southern hemisphere.

5. Whether New Holland did or did not join to New Guinea, was a question involved in much doubt and uncertainty, before Captain Cook's sailing between them, through Endeavour Strait, decided it. We will not hesitate to call this an important acquisition to geography. For though the great sagacity and extensive reading of Mr Dalrymple had discovered some traces of such a passage having been found before, yet these traces were so obscure, and so little known in the present age, that they had not generally regulated the construction of our charts; the President de Brosses, who wrote in 1756, and was well versed in geographical researches, had not been able to satisfy himself about them; and Mons. de Bougainville, in 1768, who had ventured to fall in with the south coast of New Guinea, near ninety leagues to the westward of its south-east point, chose rather to work those ninety leagues directly to windward, at a time when his people were in such distress for provisions as to eat the seal-skins from off the yards and rigging, than to run the risk of finding a passage, of the existence of which he entertained the strongest doubts, by persevering in his westerly course. Captain Cook, therefore, in this part of his voyage (though he modestly disclaims all merit), has established, beyond future controversy, a fact of essential service to navigation, by opening, if not a new, at least an unfrequented and forgotten communication between the South Pacific and Indian Oceans.[27]

[Footnote 27: We are indebted to Mr Dalrymple for the recovery of an interesting document respecting a passage betwixt New Holland and New Guinea, discovered by Torres, a Spanish navigator, in 1606. It was found among the archives of Manilla, when that city was taken by the British, in 1762, being a copy of a letter which Torres addressed to the king of Spain, giving an account of his discoveries. The Spaniards, as usual, had kept the matter a profound secret, so that the existence of the strait was generally unknown, till the labours of Captain Cook, in 1770, entitled him to the merit here assigned. Captain Flinders, it must be remembered, is of opinion, that some suspicion of such a strait was entertained in 1644, when Tasman sailed on his second voyage, but that the Dutch, who were then engaged in making discoveries in these regions, were ignorant of its having been passed. Several navigators have sailed through Torres's Strait, as it has been justly enough named, since the time of Cook, and have improved our acquaintance with its geography. Of these may be mentioned Lieutenant (afterwards Rear-Admiral) Bligh, in 1789; Captain (afterwards Admiral) Edwards, in 1791; Bligh, a second time, accompanied by Lieutenant Portlock, in 1792; Messrs Bampton and Alt, in 1793; and Captain Flinders, in 1802-3. The labours of the last-mentioned gentleman in this quarter surpass, in utility and interest, those of his predecessors, and, if he had accomplished nothing else, would entitle his name to be ranked amongst the benefactors of geography. What mind is so insensible as not to regret, that after years of hardship and captivity, the very day which presented the public with the memorial of his services and sufferings, deprived him of the possibility of reaping their reward?—E.]